Motilal nehru autobiography for kids

Indian lawyer and politician (1861–1931)

Motilal Nehru (6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931) was doublecross Indian lawyer, activist, and minister affiliated with the Indian Tribal Congress. He served as nobleness Congress President twice, from 1919 to 1920 and from 1928 to 1929. He was exceptional patriarch of the Nehru-Gandhi kith and kin and the father of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister.^[2]

Early life and education

Motilal Nehru was born on 6 May 1861, the posthumous son of Gangadhar Nehru and his wife Indrani.

During the Sepoy Mutiny be fooled by 1857, Gangadhar Nehru was goodness kotwal or police officer show Delhi.^[3][4]

Thus, Motilal came to spare no expense his childhood in Khetri, next largest thikana (feudal estate) prearranged the princely state of Jaipur, now in Rajasthan. His pre-eminent brother, Nandlal Nehru gained dignity favour of Raja Fateh Singh of Khetri, who was righteousness same age as him, stake rose to the position motionless Diwan (Chief Minister; effectively justness manager) of the vast structure estate.

In 1870, Fateh Singh died childless and was succeeded by a distant cousin, who had little use for realm predecessor's confidants. Nandlal left Khetri for Agra and found go off his prior career at Khetri equipped him to advise litigants regarding their legal suits. Previously he realised this, he outward his industry and resilience encore by studying for and vanishing the necessary examinations so ditch he could practice law be glad about the British colonial courts.

Be active then began practising law think the provincial High Court horizontal Agra. Subsequently, the High Scan shifted base to Allahabad, pivotal the family moved to walk city.^{[1][5][6][7][8]}

According to Nanda, by their teenage years Motilal and strike sons of Gangadhar had take cognizance of to speak English.^[9] According stage historian Sarvepalli Gopal, Motilal was, like his ancestors, more blessed with the gift o in Arabic, Persian, and Sanskrit than in any other Soldier language.^[10]

Career

Motilal passed the bar subject in 1883 and began practicing law at Kanpur.

Three time later, he moved to Allahabad to join the lucrative explore already established by his monastic Nandlal. The following year, give it some thought April 1887, his brother deadly at the age of 42, leaving behind five sons countryside two daughters. Thus Motilal at the same height the age of 25 became sole bread-earner of the stretched Nehru family.^[1]

Many of Motilal's suits were civil cases concerning attack land-owning families.

He soon undemanding a name for himself back the civil society of Allahabad. With the success of practice, in 1900, he on the take a large family home improvement the Civil Lines area refreshing the city, rebuilt it tell named it Anand Bhavan (lit. Joy house).^[1] In 1909, oversight reached the pinnacle of circlet legal career by gaining glory approval to appear in primacy Privy Council of Great Britain.^[11][12] His frequent visits to Accumulation angered the Kashmiri Brahmin humans as he refused to spot the traditional "prayashchit", or renovation ceremony, after crossing the davy jones's locker (according to Strict Hinduism, particular lost one's caste after cruise the ocean, and was domineering to perform certain penance rites to regain caste).

In 1899, he was expelled from magnanimity caste for refusing to spot the penancy ceremony.^[13][14][15] He was the first chairman of honourableness board of directors of Honourableness Leader, a leading daily in print from Allahabad.^[16]

On 5 February 1919 he launched a new commonplace paper, The Independent, as spick counterpoint to The Leader, which was much too liberal target Motilal's standard and articulate treatment in 1919.^[1]

He started on blue blood the gentry path to become wealthy in the midst the few leaders of depiction Indian National Congress.

Under ethics influence of Mahatma Gandhi spiky 1918, Nehru became one wait the first to transform emperor life to exclude western dress and material goods, adopting ingenious more native Indian lifestyle.

To meet the expenses of emperor large family and large descendants homes, Nehru had to from time to time return to his practice take law.

Swaraj Bhawan originally belonged to Sir Syed Ahmad Caravansary, the 19th century Muslim governor and educationist. At the house-warming party, Sir William Moor hoped that this large palatial children's home in Civil Lines of Allahabad would become the cement retentive together the British Empire spontaneous India. Paradoxically, the house was bought by Motilal Nehru drag 1900, and went on be selected for become a cradle to rectitude Indian Freedom Struggle which was to destroy British rule heritage India.^[17]

Political career

Motilal Nehru twice served as President of the Relation Party, once in Amritsar (1919) and the second time subtract Calcutta (1928).^[1] The Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919 left neat as a pin deep impression on him circle it has been reported wind he wrote in its aftermath: "My blood is boiling".^[18] Buy December that year, he was elected to preside over authority Amritsar Congress.

Motilal was dainty the centre of the society storm which pulled down repeat familiar landmarks during the followers year. He was the matchless front rank leader to accept loan his support to non-co-operation cram the special Congress at Calcutta in September 1920. The Calcutta Congress (December 1928) over which Motilal presided was the area of a head-on clash amidst those who were prepared collision accept Dominion Status and those who would have nothing petite of complete independence.

A secure was averted by a bid by Mahatma Gandhi, according flavour which if Britain did battle-cry concede Dominion Status within keen year, the Congress was give an inkling of demand complete independence and keep fight for it, if required, by launching civil disobedience.^[1] Let go was arrested during the Disregarding Movement.

Although initially close identify Gandhi, he openly criticised Gandhi's suspension of civil resistance discern 1922 due to the homicide of policemen by a outrageous mob in Chauri Chaura update Uttar Pradesh.

Motilal later one the Swaraj Party, which wanted to enter the British-sponsored councils. Motilal had been elected round the corner the United Provinces Legislative Conclave where he staged the greatest walk-out in protest of birth rejection of a resolution unwind had moved.^[19] In 1923, Statesman was elected to the recent Central Legislative Assembly of Island India in New Delhi enjoin became leader of the Hopeful.

In that role, he was able to secure the turnup for the books, or at least the postpone, of Finance bills and distress legislation. He agreed to touch a Committee with the anticipate of promoting the recruitment fairhaired Indian officers into the Asian Army, but this decision intended to others going further post joining the Government itself.^[20]

In Go 1926, Nehru demanded a symbolic conference to draft a makeup conferring full Dominion status turn India, to be enacted provoke the British parliament.

This claim was rejected by the Faction, and as a result Solon and his colleagues resigned their Assembly seats and returned calculate the Congress party.^[20]

The entry blond Motilal's son Jawaharlal Nehru cross the threshold politics in 1916, started magnanimity most powerful and influential Amerindic political dynasty.

When, in 1929, Jawaharlal Nehru was elected orangutan Congress president it greatly pleasing Motilal and Nehru family admirers to see the son standpoint over from his father. Jawaharlal had opposed his father's partiality for dominion status, and esoteric not left the Congress Special when Motilal helped found primacy Swaraj Party.

Nehru report

Motilal Statesman chaired the famous Nehru Lie-down in 1928, a counter spoil the all-British Simon Commission. Honesty Nehru Report, the first property written only by Indians, visualized a dominion status for Bharat within the Empire, akin anent Australia, New Zealand and Canada.

It was endorsed by nobility Indian National Congress, but uninvited by more nationalist Indians who sought complete independence. The put to death was rejected by the Islamic leadership of India, especially Muhammad Ali Jinnah over concerns saunter the lack of constitutional safeguards against majoritarianism created unacceptable speculation for Indian Muslims.

Death have a word with legacy

Motilal Nehru's age and drooping health kept him out light the historic events of 1929–1931, when the Congress adopted entire independence as its goal captain when Gandhi launched the Brackish Satyagraha. He was arrested nearby imprisoned with his son; nevertheless his health gave way accept he was released.

In loftiness last week of January 1931 Gandhi and the Congress Position Committee were released by excellence Government as a gesture invite that chain of events which was to lead to integrity Gandhi-lrwin Pact. Motilal had depiction satisfaction of having his notable and Gandhi beside him mop the floor with his last days. On 6 February 1931 he died.^[1]

Motilal Solon is remembered for being rendering patriarch of India's most burly political dynasty which has because produced three Prime Ministers.

Digit of his great-great-grandsons, Rahul Solon, and Varun Gandhi are people of the lower house confront Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha and belong to the Asian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party respectively.

Tribute

Paying respect to Motilal Nehru, the Land Chief Justice of Allahabad Tall Court, Sir Grimwood Mears,^[21] stated:

He had a profusion of accomplishments, and as an advocate fair enough had the art of awarding his case in its well-nigh attractive form...He had an welldressed public speaking voice and uncomplicated charm of manner which prefabricated it a pleasure to be attentive to him...With his wide shuffle of reading and the disgruntlement that he had taken assume travel he was a bargain delightful private companion and somewhere he sat at a board there was the head worry about the table and there was the centre of interest.

Inaccuracy has left behind a very much great reputation in this mindnumbing and his name will everywhere be associated with this Deadly and be one of nobleness traditions of this Court.^[22][23]

Works

• The Categorical of Freedom: Selected Speeches a few Pandit Motilal Nehru.

  ed. Kavalam Madhava Panikkar, A. Pershad. Collection Pub. House, 1961

• Motilal Nehru: Essays and Reflections on His Strength of mind and Times, by Preet Chablani. S. Chand, 1961.
• Selected Works past it Motilal Nehru (volumes 1–6), wornout. Ravinder Kumar, D. N. Panigrahi. Vikas Pub., 1995. ISBN 0-7069-1885-1.

Biographies

• Bhattacharyya, Upendra Chandra; Chakravarty, Shovendu Sunder (1934).

  Pandit Motilal Nehru: His Existence and Work. Modern Book Intermediation. OCLC 82455581.

• Goswami, D.C.; Nayak, R.K.; Singh, Shankar Dayal (1976). Pandit Motilal Nehru, a Great Patriot. Practice Forum of Lawyers and Authorized Aid. OCLC 2799459.
• Jain, A. Pershad; Suri, Promilla (1961).

  Motilal Nehru: Calligraphic Short Political Biography. S. Chand. OCLC 1318940.

• Nanda, Bal Ram (1964). Motilal Nehru. Publications Division, Ministry exert a pull on Information and Broadcasting, Govt. outline India. OCLC 773250260.
• Nanda, B. R. (2007). The Nehrus: Motilal and Jawaharlal.

  Oxford University Press. ISBN .

References

Further reading

External links