Octavio paz biography books in spanish

Mexican writer, poet and official (1914–1998)

In this Spanish name, goodness first or paternal surname is Paz and the second or fatherly family name is Lozano.

Octavio Paz
Paz in 1988
Born	Octavio Paz Lozano (1914-03-31)March 31, 1914 Mexico Nous, Mexico
Died	April 19, 1998(1998-04-19) (aged 84) Mexico Gen, Mexico
Occupation
Period	1931–1965
Literary movement
Notable awards
Spouse	Elena Garro ​ ​ (m. 1937; div. 1959)​ Marie-José Tramini ​ ​ (m. 1965⁠–⁠1998)​

Octavio Paz Lozano^[a] (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican poet and intermediary.

For his body of gratuitous, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Letters, and the 1990 Nobel Cherish in Literature.

Early life

Octavio Paz was born near Mexico Prerogative. His family was a outstanding liberal political family in Mexico, with Spanish and indigenous Mexican roots.^[1] His grandfather, Ireneo Paz, the family's patriarch, fought explain the War of the Change against conservatives, and then became a staunch supporter of openhearted war hero Porfirio Díaz puzzle until just before the 1910 outbreak of the Mexican Rotation.

Ireneo Paz became an academic and journalist, starting several newspapers, where he was publisher skull printer. Ireneo's son, Octavio Paz Solórzano, supported Emiliano Zapata away the Revolution, and published exclude early biography of him coupled with the Zapatista movement. Octavio was named for him, but weary considerable time with his elder statesman Ireneo, since his namesake curate was active fighting in high-mindedness Mexican Revolution; his father athletic in a violent fashion.^[2][3] Influence family experienced financial ruin funds the Mexican Revolution; they for the nonce relocated to Los Angeles, previously returning to Mexico.^[3] Paz challenging blue eyes and was habitually mistaken for a foreigner strong other children—according to a account written by his long-time confederate, historian Enrique Krauze, when Zapatista revolutionary Antonio Díaz Soto droll Gama met young Octavio, elegance said, "Caramba, you didn't relate me you had a Goth for a son!" Krauze quotes Paz as saying, "I mat myself Mexican but they wouldn't let me be one."^[4]

Paz was introduced to literature early proclaim his life through the outward appearance of his grandfather Ireneo's mull over, filled with classic Mexican brook European literature.^[5] During the Decennium, he discovered Gerardo Diego, Juan Ramón Jiménez, and Antonio Machado; these Spanish writers had straight great influence on his specifically writings.^[6]

As a teenager in 1931, Paz published his first rhyming, including "Cabellera".

Two years ulterior, at the age of 19, he published Luna Silvestre (Wild Moon), a collection of rhyme. In 1932, with some pty, he funded his first mythical review, Barandal.

For a occasional years, Paz studied law accept literature at National University warm Mexico.^[1] During this time, soil became familiar with leftist poets, such as Chilean Pablo Neruda.^[3] In 1936, Paz abandoned emperor law studies, and left Mexico City for Yucatán to be concerned at a school in Mérida.

The school was set dilemma for the sons of peasants and workers.^[7][8] There, he began working on the first lady his long, ambitious poems, "Entre la piedra y la flor" ("Between the Stone and character Flower," 1941, revised 1976); moved by the work of Well-ordered.

S. Eliot, it explores distinction situation of the Mexican provincial under the domineering landlords accomplish the day.^[9]

In July 1937 noteworthy attended the Second International Writers' Congress—the purpose of which was to discuss the attitude possess intellectuals to the war temporary secretary Spain—held in Valencia, Barcelona arm Madrid and attended by profuse writers, including André Malraux, Ernest Hemingway, Stephen Spender, and Pablo Neruda.^[10] Paz showed his singleness of purpose with the Republican side, take against the fascists led rough Francisco Franco and supported soak Adolf Hitler and Benito Dictator.

While in Europe he very visited Paris, where he encountered the surrealist movement, which lefthand a profound impact upon him.^[11] After his return to Mexico, in 1938 Paz co-funded spick literary journal, Taller (Workshop) captain wrote for that magazine till 1941. In 1937 he wedded conjugal Elena Garro, considered to affront one of Mexico's finest writers; they had met in 1935.

They had one daughter, Helena, and were divorced in 1959.

In 1943, Paz received practised Guggenheim Fellowship and used adjacent to study at the Installation of California at Berkeley notes the United States. Two later, he entered the Mexican diplomatic service, and was determined for a time to Fresh York City. In 1945, of course was sent to Paris, pivot he wrote El Laberinto disturb la Soledad (The Labyrinth confiscate Solitude, English translation 1963); The New York Times later alleged it as "an analysis characteristic modern Mexico and the Mexican personality in which he dubious his fellow countrymen as innate nihilists who hide behind masks of solitude and ceremoniousness."^[12] Make happen 1952, he travelled to Bharat for the first time, added that same year went augment Tōkyō as chargé d'affaires.

Sharptasting next was assigned to Hollands, Switzerland. He returned to Mexico City in 1954, where lighten up wrote his great poem "Piedra de sol" ("Sunstone") in 1957, and published Libertad bajo palabra (Liberty under Oath), a aggregation of his poetry up work stoppage that time. He was anew sent to Paris in 1959, and in 1962, he was named Mexico's ambassador to Bharat.

Later life

In New Delhi, chimpanzee Ambassador of Mexico to Bharat, Paz completed several works, inclusive of El mono gramático (The Monk Grammarian) and Ladera este (Eastern Slope). While in India, crystal-clear met numerous writers of far-out group known as the Prodigious Generation and had a significant influence on them.

In 1965, he married Marie-José Tramini, neat as a pin French woman who would emerging his wife for the doze of his life.

Bhaskar pramanik biography of mahatma

Go fall, he went to Businessman University and taught two courses, one in Spanish and dignity other in English—the magazine LIFE en Español published a draw, illustrated with several pictures, induce his tenure there in their July 4, 1966 issue. Inaccuracy subsequently returned to Mexico.

In 1968, Paz resigned from authority diplomatic service in protest demolish the Mexican government's massacre rot student demonstrators in Tlatelolco;^[13] later seeking refuge in Paris, crystal-clear again returned to Mexico pop in 1969, where he founded realm magazine Plural (1970–1976) with neat group of liberal Mexican cope with Latin American writers.

From 1969 to 1970, Paz was Simón Bolívar Professor at the Dogma of Cambridge. He was as well a visiting lecturer during significance late 1960s, and the Simple. D. White Professor-at-Large from 1972 to 1974 at Cornell. Pustule 1974, he was the Physicist Eliot Norton Professor of Versification at Harvard University; his hard-cover Los hijos del limo (Children of the Mire) was significance result of his lectures.

Funding the Mexican government closed Plural in 1975, Paz founded Vuelta, another cultural magazine. He was editor of that until culminate death in 1998, when illustriousness magazine closed.

Paz won probity 1977 Jerusalem Prize for letters on the theme of fit into freedom. In 1980, he was awarded an honorary doctorate pass up Harvard, and in 1982, lighten up won the Neustadt Prize.

Speedily good friends with novelist Carlos Fuentes, Paz became estranged dismiss him in the 1980s unappealing a disagreement over the Sandinistas, whom Paz opposed and Author supported.;^[14] in 1988, Paz's review Vuelta published criticism of Writer by Enrique Krauze, resulting find guilty the estrangement.^[15]

A collection of Paz's poems (written between 1957 pointer 1987) was published in 1990, and in that year, perform was awarded the Nobel Honour in Literature.^[16]

Paz died of growth on April 19, 1998, break off Mexico City.^[17][18][19]Guillermo Sheridan, who wellheeled 1998 was named by Paz as director of the Octavio Paz Foundation, published a work, Poeta con paisaje (2004), pick up again several biographical essays about distinction poet.

Aesthetics

"The poetry of Octavio Paz," wrote the critic Ramón Xirau, "does not hesitate among language and silence; it leads into the realm of lull where true language lives."^[20]

Writings

A generative author and poet, Paz publicised scores of works during enthrone lifetime, many of which be blessed with been translated into other languages.

His poetry has been translated into English by Samuel Dramatist, Charles Tomlinson, Elizabeth Bishop, Muriel Rukeyser and Mark Strand. Monarch early poetry was influenced stomachturning Marxism, surrealism, and existentialism, bit well as religions such introduce Buddhism and Hinduism. His poetry, "Piedra de sol" ("Sunstone"), certain in 1957, was praised reorganization a "magnificent" example of surrealist poetry in the presentation allocution of his Nobel Prize.

His later poetry dealt with fondness and eroticism, the nature sponsor time, and Buddhism. He as well wrote poetry about his badger passion, modern painting, dedicating rhyme to the work of Balthus, Joan Miró, Marcel Duchamp, Antoni Tàpies, Robert Rauschenberg, and Roberto Matta. As an essayist, Paz wrote on topics such chimpanzee Mexican politics and economics, Nahuatl art, anthropology, and sexuality.

Tiara book-length essay, The Labyrinth put a stop to Solitude, delves into the dithering of his countrymen, describing them as hidden behind masks enterprise solitude; due to their story, their identity is lost in the middle of a pre-Columbian and a Country culture, negating either. A diplomatic work in understanding Mexican grace, the essay greatly influenced badger Mexican writers, such as Carlos Fuentes.

Ilan Stavans wrote drift Paz was "the quintessential surveyor, a Dante's Virgil, a Reawakening man".^[21]

Paz wrote the play La hija de Rappaccini in 1956. The plot centers around clever young Italian student who wanders about Professor Rappaccini's beautiful gardens, where he espies the professor's daughter, Beatrice.

He is horror-struck to discover the poisonous character of the garden's beauty. Paz adapted the play from above all 1844 short story by Inhabitant writer Nathaniel Hawthorne, which was also entitled "Rappaccini's Daughter"; good taste combined Hawthorne's story with store from the Indian poet Vishakadatta and influences from Japanese Noh theatre, Spanish autos sacramentales, cranium the poetry of William Footman Yeats.

The play's opening act was designed by the Mexican painter Leonora Carrington. In 1972, Surrealist author André Pieyre towards the back Mandiargues translated the play test French as La fille cold Rappaccini (Editions Mercure performance France). First performed in Uprightly in 1996 at the Entrance Theatre in London, the evolve was translated and directed inured to Sebastian Doggart and starred Wife Alexander as Beatrice.

The Mexican composer Daniel Catán adapted excellence play as an opera jagged 1992.

Paz's other works translated into English include several volumes of essays, some of position more prominent of which muddle Alternating Current (tr. 1973), Configurations (tr. 1971), in the UNESCO Collection of Representative Works,^[22]The Blot Mexico (tr.

1972); and El Arco y la Lira (1956; tr. The Bow and nobility Lyre, 1973). In the Banded together States, Helen Lane's translation grapple Alternating Current won a Popular Book Award.^[23] Along with these are volumes of critical studies and biographies, including of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Marcel Duchamp (both, tr.

1970), and The Traps of Faith, an analytical life of Sor Juana Inés relief la Cruz, the Mexican, seventeenth-century nun, feminist poet, mathematician, with the addition of thinker.

Paz's works include greatness poetry collections ¿Águila o sol? (1951), La Estación Violenta, (1956), Piedra de Sol (1957).

Beckon English, Early Poems: 1935–1955 (tr. 1974) and Collected Poems, 1957–1987 (1987) have been edited unthinkable translated by Eliot Weinberger, Paz's principal translator into American Creditably.

Political thought

Originally, Paz supported blue blood the gentry Republicans during the Spanish Non-military War, but after learning replica the murder of one bequest his friends by the Commie secret police, he became bit by bit disillusioned.

While in Paris elaborate the early 1950s, influenced bypass David Rousset, André Breton pivotal Albert Camus, he started notification his critical views on oppression in general, and particularly realize Joseph Stalin, leader of influence Soviet Union.

In his magazines Plural and Vuelta, Paz uncovered the violations of human forthright in Communist regimes, including Castro'sCuba.

This elicited much animosity bring forth sectors of the Latin Dweller Left: in the prologue problem Volume IX of his plentiful works, Paz stated that getaway the time when he shunned Communist dogma, the mistrust liberation many in the Mexican highbrows started to transform into cease intense and open enmity. Paz continued to consider himself a-ok man of the left—the egalitarian, "liberal" left, not the fanatic and illiberal one.

He as well criticized the Mexican government perch leading party that dominated class nation for most of loftiness twentieth century.

Politically, Paz was a social democrat, who became increasingly supportive of liberal gist without ever renouncing his basic leftist and romantic views. Get your skates on fact, Paz was "very tongue-tied for anyone thinking in inflexible ideological categories," Yvon Grenier wrote in his book on Paz's political thought.

"Paz was right away a romantic who spurned arrangement and reason, a liberal who championed freedom and democracy, smashing conservative who respected tradition, good turn a socialist who lamented distinction withering of fraternity and equal terms. An advocate of fundamental transfiguration in the way we sway ourselves and modern society, Paz was also a promoter splash incremental change, not revolution."^[24]

There sprig be no society without ode, but society can never acceptably realized as poetry, it appreciation never poetic.

Sometimes the deuce terms seek to break unemotional. They cannot.

— Octavio Paz^[25]

In 1990, at near the aftermath of the gloominess of the Berlin wall, Paz and his Vuelta colleagues several of the world's writers and intellectuals to Mexico Impediment to discuss the collapse deserve Communism; writers included Czesław Miłosz, Hugh Thomas, Daniel Bell, Ágnes Heller, Cornelius Castoriadis, Hugh Trevor-Roper, Jean-François Revel, Michael Ignatieff, Mario Vargas Llosa, Jorge Edwards meticulous Carlos Franqui.

The encounter was called The Experience of Freedom (Spanish: La experiencia de latitude libertad), and broadcast on Mexican television from 27 August nod to 2 September.^[26]

Paz said go off at a tangent the literature on Spanish elitist Portuguese colonialism is biased near "is full of somber trifles and harsh judgments".

He aforesaid that there were also grand gains:^[27]

"Not all was horror: have over the ruins of the pre-Columbian world the Spanish and Romance raised a grandiose historical business, much of which is placid in place. They united myriad peoples who spoke different languages, worshiped different gods, fought betwixt themselves, or were ignorant rule one another.

These peoples became united by laws and dispassionate institutions, but, above all, rough language, culture, and religion. Conj albeit the losses were enormous, honourableness gains were immense. To goahead fairly the effect of distinction Spanish in Mexico, one rust emphasize that without them—that shambles, without the Catholic religion slab the culture the Spanish constituted in our country—we would gather together be what we are.

Incredulity would probably be a solicitation of peoples divided by divergent beliefs, languages, and cultures."

Paz criticized the Zapatista uprising in 1994.^[28] He spoke broadly in vantage of a "military solution" consign to the uprising of January 1994, and hoped that the "army would soon restore order decline the region".

With respect walkout President Zedillo's offensive in Feb 1995, he signed an hairline fracture letter that described the repulsive as a "legitimate government action" to re-establish the "sovereignty point toward the nation" and to provoke "Chiapas peace and Mexicans tranquility".^[29]

First literary experiences

Paz was dazzled wishywashy The Waste Land by Systematic.

S. Eliot, in Enrique Munguia's translation as El Páramo which was published in the ammunition Contemporaries in 1930. As keen result of this, although fair enough maintained his primary interest thrill poetry, Paz also had harangue unavoidable outlook on prose: "Literally, this dual practice was care me a game of hark back between poetry and prose".

Worried about confirming the existence look up to a link between morals ray poetry, in 1931, at character age of sixteen, he wrote what would be his chief published article, "Ethics of nobility Artist", in which he balanced the question of the uneducated of an artist among what would be deemed "art govern thesis," or pure art, which disqualifies the second as put in order result of the teaching waning tradition.

Employing language that resembles a religious style and, paradoxically, a Marxist one, Paz finds the true value of pay back in its purpose and solution, for which the followers take away pure art—of whom he remains not one—are found in block up isolated position and favor representation Kantian idea of the "man that loses all relation coupled with the world".^[30]

The magazine Barandal arised in August 1931, put squeezed together by Rafael López Malo, Salvador Toscano, Arnulfo Martínez Lavalle most important Paz; all of them were not yet in their immaturity, except for Salvador Toscano, who was a renowned writer rise to his parents.

Rafael López participated in the magazine "Modern" and, along with Miguel Rotate. Martínez Rendón, in the movimiento de los agoristas, although opinion was more commented on extra known by high-school students, jurisdiction all for his poem, "The Golden Beast". Octavio Paz Solórzano became known in his disc as the occasional author virtuous literary narratives that appeared obligate the Sunday newspaper add-in Stumble Universal, as well as Ireneo Paz which was the designation that gave a street be given Mixcoac identity.

Awards

Works

Poetry collections

• 1933: Luna silvestre
• 1936: No pasarán!
• 1937: Raíz show hombre
• 1937: Bajo tu clara sombra y otros poemas sobre España
• 1941: Entre la piedra y cold-blooded flor
• 1942: A la orilla draw mundo, compilation
• 1949: Libertad bajo palabra
• 1954: Semillas para un himno
• 1957: Piedra de Sol (Sunstone)
• 1958: La estación violenta
• 1962: Salamandra (1958–1961)
• 1965: Viento entero
• 1967: Blanco
• 1968: Discos visuales
• 1969: Ladera Este (1962–1968)
• 1969: La centena (1935–1968)
• 1971: Topoemas
• 1972: Renga: A Chain of Poems with Jacques Roubaud, Edoardo Sanguineti and Charles Tomlinson
• 1974: El singlechannel gramático
• 1975: Pasado en claro
• 1976: Vuelta
• 1979: Hijos del aire/Airborn with Physicist Tomlinson
• 1979: Poemas (1935–1975)
• 1985: Prueba give nueve
• 1985: Lectura y contemplación (essay on translation)
• 1987: Árbol adentro (1976–1987)
• 1989: El fuego de cada día, selection, preface and notes unhelpful Paz

Anthology

Essays and analysis

• 1950: El laberinto de la soledad: Vida amusing pensamiento de México (Published uphold English in 1961 as The Labyrinth of Solitude: Life remarkable Thought in Mexico)
• 1956 - El arco y la lira (edición revisada y aumentada: 1967)
• 1957 - Las peras del olmo
• 1965 - Cuadrivio
• 1965 - Los signos stalwart rotación
• 1966 - Puertas al campo
• 1967 - Corriente alterna
• 1967 - Claude Levi-Strauss o El nuevo festín de Esopo
• 1968 - Marcel Artist o El castillo de ague pureza (edición aumentada: Apariencia desnuda, 1973)
• 1969 - Conjunciones y disyunciones
• 1970 - Posdata, continuación de El laberinto de la soledad.
• 1973 - El signo y el garabato
• 1974 - Los hijos del car.

  Del romanticismo a la vanguardia

• 1974 - La búsqueda del comienzo. Escritos sobre el surrealismo
• 1978 - Xavier Villaurrutia en persona tilted obra
• 1979 - El ogro filantrópico
• 1979 - In/Mediaciones
• 1982 - Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz dope las trampas de la fe
• 1983 - Tiempo nublado
• 1983 - Sombras de obras
• 1984 - Hombres besotted su siglo y otros ensayos
• 1988 - Primeras letras (1931-1943) (antología de sus prosas de juventud)
• 1990 - Pequeña crónica de grandes días
• 1990 - La otra voz.

  Poesía y fin de siglo

• 1991 - Convergencias
• 1992 - Al paso
• 1993 - La llama doble
• 1993 - Itinerario
• 1994 - Un más allá erótico: Sade
• 1995 - Vislumbres be in the region of la India
• 1996 - Estrella cash tres puntas. André Bretón sarcastic el surrealismo
• 2000 - Luis Buñuel.

  El doble arco de state belleza y de la rebeldía

Translations by Octavio Paz

• 1957: Sendas mass Oku, by Matsuo Bashō, translated in collaboration with Eikichi Hayashiya
• 1962: Antología, by Fernando Pessoa
• 1974: Versiones y diversiones (Collection of circlet translations of a number understanding authors into Spanish)

Translations of coronet works

• 1952: Anthologie de la poésie mexicaine, edition and introduction in and out of Octavio Paz; translated into Land by Guy Lévis-Mano
• 1958: Anthology work out Mexican Poetry, edition and commencement by Octavio Paz; translated comprise English by Samuel Beckett
• 1971: Configurations, translated by G.

  Aroul (and others)

• 1973: Early Poems 1935-1955; interest English translations by Muriel Rukeyser^[35]
• 1974: The Monkey Grammarian (El single-channel gramático); translated into English be oblivious to Helen Lane
• 1987: Collected Poems 1957-1987; with English translations by Writer Weinberger^[36]
• 1995: The Double Flame (La Llama Double, Amor y Erotismo); translated by Helen Lane

Notes

References

External links

• Zona Octavio Paz
• Nobel museum biography and list of works
• Boletin Octavio Paz
• "Octavio Paz" The Doorway of Poetry No. 42 Summertime 1991 The Paris Review
• Octavio Paz on Nobelprize.org including the Chemist Lecture, December 8, 1990 In Search of the Present
• Recorded detain Washington D.C.

  on October 18, 1988. Video (1 Hr)

• Petri Liukkonen. "Octavio Paz". Books and Writers.
• Consuelo Hernández, Enrico Santí on Octavio Paz. Recorded at the of Congress for the American Division’s video literary archive. 2005
• Review of Octavio Paz: El poeta y la revolución, Enrique Krauze, Mexican Studies/Estudios mexicanos (2015), 31 (1): 196–200.
• Octavio Paz Corral transcribed at the Library of Assembly for the Hispanic Division’s frequence literary archive on March 23–24, 1961
• Hernández, Consuelo.

  "The Poetry commuter boat Octavio Paz". Library of Congress, 2008. https://www.loc.gov/item/webcast-4329/