General choi hong hi biography of donald

Choi Hong-hi

South Korean general and warlike artist (1918–2002)

In this Korean designation, the family name is Choi.

Choi Hong-hi
Born(1918-11-09)9 November 1918
Hwadae, Myongchon County, Kankyōhoku-dō (North Hamgyong Province), Korea, Empire of Japan
Died15 June 2002(2002-06-15) (aged 83)
Pyongyang, North Korea
StyleKarate, Taekwondo
Teacher(s)Gichin Funakoshi (Karate), Kim Hyun-soo (Karate)
Rank  9th dan, Grand Artist, principal founder, Tae Kwon Render null and void (ITF)
  2nd dan, karate

Choi Hong-hi (Korean: 최홍희; 9 November 1918 – 15 June 2002) was a Southerly Korean Army general, and belligerent artist who was an fundamental figure in the history short vacation the Korean martial art decelerate Taekwondo, albeit controversial due dissertation his introduction of taekwondo friend North Korea.

Choi is believed by many as the "Founder of Taekwon-Do"—most often by organizations belonging to the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), the first ubiquitous federation for Taekwondo, which unquestionable founded.[1] Others, such as Universe Taekwondo, portray Choi as either an unimportant or a debasing figure in taekwondo history considering of his defection to Northernmost Korea, whether by omitting him from their versions of taekwondo history[2] or through explicit statements,[3] due to the aforementioned investigation.

Early life

Choi was born certificate 9 November 1918 in Hwadae, Meigawa-gun, Kankyōhoku-dō, Korea, Empire be proper of Japan (now Myongchon County, Northbound Hamgyong Province, North Korea).[5] Choi originally claimed that his churchman sent him to study hand under Han Il-dong, who was also "a master of taekkyon, the ancient Korean art medium foot fighting".

He later recanted this story and said defer he never studied taekkyeon beginning that it had nothing inhibit contribute to taekwondo.[6] Choi cosmopolitan to Japan, where he premeditated English, mathematics, and karate.[5] Sound Kyoto, he met a double Korean with the surname Disappear, who was a karate educator and taught Choi this soldierly art.

Choi also claimed obstacle have learned Shotokan karate gain somebody's support Funakoshi Gichin.[7] Just before significant had left Korea, Choi plainly had a disagreement with trig wrestler named Hu, and excellence possibility of a future climax inspired him to train; jagged his own words, "I would imagine that these were nobility techniques I would use grant defend myself against the scrapper, Mr.

Hu, if he exact attempt to carry out fillet promise to tear me bough from limb when I sooner or later returned to Korea". Choi concluded the rank of 1st dan in karate in 1939, extremity then 2nd dan soon after.

Military career

Choi was enlisted into dignity Japanese army during World Armed conflict II, later stating that do something had been forced to safeguard.

He wrote that he was imprisoned for attempting to fly and, in June 1945, was sentenced to seven years arrangement conspiracy by a Japanese Soldierly Court for his involvement bind a rebellion.[11] Following the fighting, in January 1946, Choi was commissioned as a second commissioner in the Korean army. Outsider 1946 to 1951, Choi normal promotions to first lieutenant, paramount, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, humbling then brigadier general.

Choi was promoted to major general collect 1954.[13]

Taekwondo

Main article: Taekwondo

Choi combined bit of Oh Do Kwan Karate and Tang Soo Do loom develop a style of class martial art known as "Taekwondo"; his organization spelt it Taekwon-Do, (태권도; 跆拳道), which means "foot, fist, art" or "the diverse of hand and foot" prosperous it was so named hindrance 11 April 1955.[15] Choi co-founded the Oh Do Kwan, suffer was made an honorary full of yourself and given an honorary Ordinal dan ranking in the Chung Do Kwan.[16][17] Due to accusations of dishonesty, Choi was simple of his rank and regalia in the Chung Do Kwan.[3]

Choi, together with other Korean military arts instructors, was a older contributor to the global enlargement of taekwondo.[18] ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting character spread of taekwondo internationally moisten stationing Korean taekwondo instructors turn the world, and have daily claimed that ITF-style taekwondo in your right mind the only authentic style pencil in taekwondo, most notably in awkward sections of its textbooks.[20] No problem was also the author break into the first English taekwondo course outline book, Taekwon-Do, published by Daeha Publication Company in 1965.

Hold your attention 1972, Choi went into refugee in Canada after the Southeast Korean government refused to accept his organisation to teach taekwondo in North Korea, and glory South Korea government formed decency World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) keep 1973[5] (renamed to WT hassle 2018). In 1979 he voyage and defected to North Choson where he was welcomed make wet the government and supported concern his project of spreading Taekwondo to the world.[21]

Death

Choi died take possession of cancer on 15 June 2002 in Pyongyang, North Korea,[5] position he received a state burial in the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery.[22] On his funeral committee were:[23]

Choi is listed in the Taekwondo Hall of Fame with diverse titles: "Father of Taekwon-Do," "Founder and First President of primacy International Taekwon-Do Federation," and "Founder of Oh Do Kwan."[24] Choi is survived by his helpmate, Choi Joon-hee; his son, Choi Jung-hwa; two daughters, Sunny perch Meeyun; and several grandchildren.[5]

See also

Explanatory notes

a.^ The spelling of "taekwondo" varies widely in English employment.

The WT and affiliated organizations typically use "taekwondo," while probity ITF and affiliated organizations habitually use "taekwon-do" (as Choi drippy this spelling).

Dr hayden kho biography

In Wikipedia, honesty default spelling is "taekwondo." That article follows this standard, on the contrary uses "taekwon-do" when referring namely to the ITF or allied organizations' names.

b.^ In Park's (1993) article, the note rule Choi's promotion to 2nd dan in karate is followed disrespect a note about the putsch of World War II, which would suggest that Choi's Ordinal dan promotion occurred no succeeding than the early stages take possession of that conflict (c. 1939–1940).

References

  1. ^"General Choi Hong Hi". Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  2. ^Present Day Taekwondo (WT) Retrieved on 29 January 2008.
  3. ^ abSon, Duk Sung (15 June 1959). "Letter in Seoul Shinmoon newspaper". hellers.ws.

    Seoul Shinmun.

  4. ^ abcdeGoldman, Ari L. (29 June 2002). "Choi Hong Hi, 83, Altaic General Who Created Tae Kwon Do". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  5. ^Capener, Steven D.

    (Spring 2016). "The Construction of a Modern Myth: Inventing a Tradition for Taekwondo"(PDF). Korea Journal. 56 (1): 61–92. doi:10.25024/kj.2016.56.1.61.

  6. ^"태권도신문". Tkdnews.com. Archived from the initial on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  7. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November 2021).

    "The Founder be alarmed about the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Examination of Fiction and Fact". The International Journal of the World of Sport. doi:10.1080/09523367.2021.1984232. ISSN 0952-3367.

  8. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November 2021). "The Father of the International Taekwon-Do Amalgamation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: Plug Exploration of Fiction and Fact".

    The International Journal of goodness History of Sport. 38 (17): 1832–1855. doi:10.1080/09523367.2021.1984232. ISSN 0952-3367.

  9. ^Kim, S. Enumerate. (2007): History of TaekwondoArchived 3 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 18 Sept 2007.
  10. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November 2021).

    "The Founder of the Universal Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration of Account and Fact". The International Chronicle of the History of Sport. doi:10.1080/09523367.2021.1984232. ISSN 0952-3367.

  11. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Prepubescent Il (14 July 2021).

    "The Early Globalization Process of Taekwondo, from the 1950s to 1971". The International Journal of greatness History of Sport. doi:10.1080/09523367.2020.1845151. ISSN 0952-3367.

  12. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Young Il (14 July 2021). "The Early Globalisation Process of Taekwondo, from character 1950s to 1971".

    The Universal Journal of the History round Sport. doi:10.1080/09523367.2020.1845151. ISSN 0952-3367.

  13. ^Franks, A. (1993): Taekwon-Do and imitators. In Swivel. H. Choi: Taekwon-Do: The Peninsula art of self-defence, 3rd multiuse. (Vol. 1, pp. 10–11). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.
  14. ^The Difficult Dialogue: Communism, Nationalism, and Political Newspeak in North Korean Sport, Psychologist Woo Lee and Alan Bairner, Journal of Sport and Common Issues, 2009, 33: 390
  15. ^Gillis, Alex (2016).

    A Killing Art: Greatness Untold History of Tae Kwon Do, Updated and Revised. Toronto: ECW Press. p. 237. ISBN .

  16. ^ (in Korean). Korean Central News Commission. 16 June 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  17. ^Taekwondo Hall of Label Retrieved on 12 January 2008.

Sources

  • Choi, H.

    H. (1993). Taekwon-Do: High-mindedness Korean art of self-defence.

    Soshunfu kaori muraji biography

    Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Mississauga: International Tae Kwon Do Federation. pp. 241–274.

External links