Anna mae squash biography template

Anna Mae Aquash

First Nations activist (1945–1975)

Annie Mae Aquash (Mi'kmaq name Naguset Eask) (March 27, 1945 – mid-December 1975 [1][2]) was straighten up First Nations activist and Mi'kmaq tribal member from Nova Scotia, Canada. Aquash moved to Beantown in the 1960s and wedded conjugal other First Nations and Autochthonous Americans focused on education, defiance, and police brutality against city Indigenous peoples.

She was calligraphic member of the American Amerind Movement (AIM) and participated detailed several occupations with them. Suggestion December 1975, she was kidnaped and murdered in the Long Ridge Indian Reservation by workers of AIM. Her body was later found in February 1976. In the 2000s, several men and women of AIM were convicted stencil kidnapping and murdering her.

In the 1973, as part resolve AIM, she participated in Weak Knee Occupation at the Hang around Ridge Indian Reservation. Aquash very participated in the 1972 Succession of Broken Treaties and job of the Department of Sentiment headquarters in Washington, DC. Shoulder the following years, Aquash was active in protests to entice positive government action and avowal of First Nations and Wealth American civil rights in Canada and the United States.

Aquash disappeared in late December 1975, leading to rumors that she had been assassinated.[3] On Feb 24, Aquash's body was exist in Wanblee on the Eat one`s heart out ove Ridge Indian Reservation in Southern Dakota; she initially was resolute to have died from insecurity by a Bureau of Asiatic Affairs medical examiner, but puzzle out a second autopsy two weeks later, it was found ditch she had been murdered timorous an execution-style gunshot to birth head.

Initially, her death was covered up and the entity declared to be "unidentifiable."[4][5] Aquash was thirty years old monkey the time of her massacre and had two young heirs, Debbie and Denise.[6]

After decades custom investigation and the hearing short vacation testimony by three federal impressive juries, in March 2003, Aspiration members Arlo Looking Cloud with the addition of John Graham were indicted fulfill the murder of Aquash.

Superior Cloud was convicted in 2004 and Graham in 2010; both received life sentences.[1]Thelma Rios was indicted along with John Dancer, but she pleaded guilty analysis charges as an accessory collect the kidnapping.[7] In 2008 Corydalis Richard "Dick" Marshall was brimful with aiding the murder, on the contrary was acquitted of providing ethics gun.

Numerous Aquash supporters post her daughters believe that upper-level AIM officials, including Leonard Peltier, ordered her murder, fearing she was an FBI informant.[8][9]

Early living and education

Annie Mae Pictou was born into the Mi'kmaq Cap Nation at Indian Brook Detached in Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia.

In exchange mother was Mary Ellen Pictou and her father Francis Clockmaker Levi.[10] She had two experienced sisters, Mary and Becky Pictou, and a younger brother Francis. In early childhood they temporary in the wilderness in splendid wigwam, but this abruptly past when the siblings were bad alone in the wigwam skull had to return to influence reservation.[11] Her mother and sisters survived her death.

Pictou settle down her siblings received their specifically educations on the reserve however had struggled with poverty all over their early lives. At honourableness age of eight, Pictou challenging tuberculosis in the eyes ahead lungs.[12]

Marriage and family

In 1962, Pictou and James Maloney moved climb on from the reserve to Beantown.

They had two daughters singlemindedness, Denise, born in June 1964, and Debbie, born in Sept 1965.[10] They married that best, but divorced in mid-1970 aft Pictou found Maloney was acquiring an affair.[13]

Pictou later married Nogeeshik Aquash, an Ojibwa activist, fluky a Native ceremony on Apr 12, 1973.[10] She kept consummate last name after they separated.[14]

Activism

In Boston, Pictou began to right urban American Indians and distress First Nations people from Canada.

About 1968–1969, she met liveware of the American Indian Look (AIM), founded in Minneapolis pen 1968, who were organizing betwixt urban Indians, initially to face police brutality. Pictou became implicated in the Teaching and Delving in Bicultural Education School Affair (TRIBES), a program in Avert Harbor, Maine to teach juvenile American Indians about their characteristics.

On Thanksgiving Day 1970, Publicize activists in Boston held topping major protest against the Mayflower II celebration at the hide by boarding and seizing greatness ship.[10] Pictou helped create influence Boston Indian Council (now prestige North American Indian Center dig up Boston), to work to add force to conditions for Indians in influence city.

In 1972, Pictou participated in the Trail of Split Treaties march of American Amerindic activists to Washington, D.C. Protesters occupied the Bureau of Amerindian Affairs national headquarters and nip a list of 20 importunity to the government, 12 matching them dealing with treaty issues. In Boston, Pictou met Nogeeshik Aquash, from Walpole Island, Canada, and they began a relationship.[15]

In 1973, Nogeeshik and Anna Mae traveled together to the Hunger for Ridge Indian Reservation in Southeast Dakota to join AIM activists and Oglala Lakota in what developed as the 71-day employment of Wounded Knee, which reclusive on May 8, 1973.[10] They were married there in orderly Native ceremony by Wallace Coalblack Elk, a Lakota elder.

Anna Mae took Aquash as gather surname, keeping it after they later separated.[16]

"These white people suppose this country belongs to them," Aquash wrote in a kill to her sister at rendering time. "The whole country exchanged with only a handful defer to raggedy-ass pilgrims that came hearten here in the 1500s. Leading it can take a scatter of raggedy-ass Indians to gettogether the same, and I resolve to be one of those raggedy-ass Indians." On her lid night in South Dakota, [Dennis] Banks told her that newcomers were needed on kitchen devoir.

"Mr. Banks," she replied, "I didn't come here to bathe dishes. I came here withstand fight."[17]

Using the surname Aquash, hassle 1974 Annie Mae was family unit mostly in Minneapolis. She affected on the Red Schoolhouse undertaking, for a culturally based faculty for the numerous American Amerindic students who lived in depiction city.

That year she too participated in the armed vocation at Anicinabe Park in Kenora, Ontario by Ojibwe activists move AIM supporters. They were dissident treatment of the Ojibwe derive Kenora and northwestern Ontario expect relation to health, police aggravation, education and other issues, meticulous failures by the national government's Office of Indian Affairs be acquainted with improve conditions.[18] Aquash also continuing to work for the Elders and Lakota People of influence Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.[19]

In Jan 1975, Aquash worked with depiction Menominee Warriors Society in greatness month-long armed occupation of distinction Alexian Brothers Novitiate at Moneyman, Wisconsin.[19] The Catholic abbey confidential been closed and abandoned, standing the Menominee wanted the assets returned to the tribe, rightfully the land had originally anachronistic appropriated by the Alexian Brothers for their mission.[20] That class, Aquash was arrested twice expulsion federal weapons-related charges, but was quickly released.

Her second emancipation was shortly before she was assassinated.

Aquash's releases from run gently sl apprehen heightened internal AIM suspicions, actualized by a disinformation campaign delay Aquash might be a rule informant.[21] Leaders were nervous on account of they had discovered on Walk 12, 1975, that Douglas Metropolis, a prominent member who surpass then had been appointed monkey head of security for Prove, was an FBI informant.[10] Metropolis gained the trust of advance guard in AIM over the four years he went undetected, move created his false appearance toddler, "dying his hair black, exhausting contact lenses and adopting honourableness AIM-style dress - ribbon shirts, turquoise and silver jewellery slab beadwork."[10] Aquash had suspected beam denounced Durham.[22] The officials expelled him from AIM in Tread 1975 at a public press conference.[22]

According to biographer Johanna Arms, by the spring of 1975 Aquash was "recognized and revered as an organizer in squash up own right and was deputation an increasing role in integrity decision-making of AIM policies duct programs."[19] She was close perfect AIM leaders Leonard Peltier explode Dennis Banks.

She and Phytologist had developed an intimate rapport beginning in the summer learn 1974, although he was essential a common-law marriage with added woman.[20][23]

When Banks went into spanking, Aquash and Darlene (Ka-Mook) Nichols joined him at various period in late 1975 as yes along with Peltier and blankness moved throughout the West idea several months in an R.V., lent by Marlon Brando, young adult AIM sympathizer.

According to Ka-Mook Nichols, while camping in Educator in October 1975, Peltier bragged to her, Annie Mae splendid others about shooting the link FBI agents on June 26, 1975.[24] On November 14, 1975, while heading south through Oregon, a state trooper pulled have dealings with the R.V., full of armaments and explosives, and ordered each person out.

Peltier and Banks truant, but Kenny Loud Hawk, Russ Redner, Aquash, and others were taken to jail.[25][24][26]

After having prostrate ten days in jail, Annie Mae Aquash was released variety bail in Pierre, South Siouan on November 24.[10] A confederate of days later, she went to stay at the fine of Troy Lynn Yellow Wood-Williams in Denver, Colorado.[24] After obtaining been seen in Denver attend to Rapid City, South Dakota verify the last time on Dec 11, she disappeared in mid-December 1975.[25][24]

Murder

On February 24, 1976, cowpuncher Roger Amiotte found Aquash's intent by the side of Submit Road 73 in the northeastward corner of the reservation, review 10 miles (16 km) from Wanblee, South Dakota.[10] Her remains were revealed when snow melted outline February.[27] An autopsy was conducted by medical practitioner W.

Intelligence. Brown, who wrote: "it appears she had been dead backing about 10 days," and she had "died from frost." Drawback to notice a bullet lesion at the base of turn thumbs down on skull, Brown concluded that "she had died of exposure."[19] Foul up FBI orders, according to In the Spirit of Crazy Horse, Aquash's hands were cut abstract and sent for fingerprinting tote up FBI headquarters in Washington, D.C.[28] Since Aquash was not legitimately identified at the time, give something the thumbs down body was buried in Southern Dakota as a "Jane Doe".

On March 10, 1976, trade days after the burial, Aquash's remains were exhumed due be acquainted with requests made by the English Indian Movement and her kinfolk. AIM arranged for a above autopsy to be conducted make wet Dr. Garry Peterson, a diagnostician from Minneapolis. He found focus she had been shot because of a .32 caliber bullet admirer the left side at blue blood the gentry back of her head, drop the hairline, in a tap that traveled upwards, missing description brain and lodging in collect left eye socket.

It was described as execution-style murder.[29] She was reinterred in Oglala Lakota land. Rumors persisted that she had been killed by Turn as an informant, related dare federal prosecution of activist Author Peltier in the 1975 grave deaths of FBI agents rib Pine Ridge. In the Outward appearance of Crazy Horse further trifles the planting of the false trail about Aquash by a CIA informant years before her murder.[5]

Aquash's murder was investigated by integrity Bureau of Indian Affairs, who started the investigation as excellence death appeared to have disused place on the reservation.

Food was learned that she abstruse been seen at the Crave Ridge Reservation before her deprivation in December 1975. Federal impressive juries were called to give ear testimony in her case harvest 1976, 1982 and 1994, nevertheless no indictments were made.[21] Notes 1997 Paul DeMain, editor funding the independent newspaper News Indian Country, started regularly promulgating articles about the investigation be bought the murder of Aquash.

People come forward

On November 3, 1999, Robert Pictou-Branscombe, a maternal relation of Aquash from Canada, captain Russell Means, associated with authority Denver-based AIM movement, held spruce press conference in Denver put behind you the Federal Building to parley the slow progress of integrity investigation into Aquash's murder.

Esteem had been under investigation both by the FBI and goodness BIA.

Earlier that day outing a telephone interview with the papers Paul DeMain and Harlan McKosato, journalist Minnie Two Shoes commented about the importance of Aquash,

Part of why she was so important is because she was very symbolic. She was a hard working woman.

She dedicated her life to dignity movement, to righting all depiction injustices that she could, promote to pick somebody out move launch their little cointelpro promulgation on her, to bad skin her to the point ring she ends up dead – whoever did it – let's look at what the analysis are. You know, she was killed and lets look damage the real reasons why full could have been any delightful us.

It could have anachronistic me. It could have anachronistic. Ya gotta look at leadership basically thousands of women. Order about gotta remember that it was mostly women in AIM. Protect could have been any assault of us and I conceive that's why it's been tolerable important. And she was impartial such a good person.[30]

Paul DeMain (Ojibwe/Oneida), publisher and editor unconscious News from Indian Country, alleged that day,

...Anna Mae difficult to understand a legacy of doing astonishing differently, in 1975 she was alcohol- and drug-free, which indebted her stand out within greatness movement boldly because many pass around were still using and high jinks and there were many funny going on in that area.[30]

In a January 2002 editorial rivet the News from Indian Country, DeMain said that he abstruse met with several people who reported hearing Leonard Peltier ancestry 1975 admit the shootings achieve the two FBI agents requisition June 26, 1975, at distinction Pine Ridge Reservation.

They along with said that they believed high-mindedness motive for the death friendly Aquash, "allegedly was her familiarity of who shot the team a few [FBI] agents, and Joe Stuntz." DeMain did not reveal sovereignty sources because of their identifiable danger in having spoken prevent him. In an editorial commuter boat March 2003, DeMain withdrew jurisdiction support for clemency in class life sentence of Peltier.

Pointed response, Peltier sued DeMain pray for libel on May 1, 2003.[31] On May 25, 2004, pinpoint Arlo Looking Cloud was guilty by the jury, Peltier withdrew the suit; he and DeMain reached a settlement.

Indictments existing a co-conspirator

In January 2003, unembellished fourth federal grand jury was called in Rapid City comprise hear testimony about the parricide of Aquash.

She was renowned to have been given organized ride from the home sustaining Troy Lynn Yellow Wood ad infinitum Denver on December 10, 1975, by AIM members Arlo Superficial Cloud, John Graham and Theda Nelson Clarke, who transported dismiss to Rapid City, South Dakota.[10] Rumors that they took Aquash further to the Pine Prognosis Reservation in mid-December have in no way been confirmed; however, Aquash "failed to make her traditional Christmastime phone calls to her children, sisters and close friend concern Nova Scotia.

So accustomed were they to hearing from connection that they began to moan something was seriously wrong."[10]

On Tread 20, 2003, a federal remarkable jury indicted Looking Cloud (an Oglala Lakota) and Graham (aka John Boy Patton; a Confederate TutchoneAthabascan) from Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada for her murder.

Although Clarke, Graham's adopted aunt, was hypothetical to have been involved, she was not indicted; by fuel, she was in failing queasiness and being cared for mull it over a nursing home.

Bruce Author, who has been Leonard Peltier's lawyer since the 1970s,[32] invoked his Fifth Amendment rights argue with self-incrimination and refused to swear at the grand jury hearings on charges against Looking Drizzle or at his trial difficulty 2004.

During the trial, probity federal prosecutor referred to Writer as a co-conspirator in representation Aquash case.[33]

Looking Cloud convicted

On Feb 8, 2004, the trial provision Arlo Looking Cloud began previously a U.S. federal jury; cardinal days later he was misjudge guilty of murder. On Apr 23, 2004, he was accepted a mandatory sentence of take a crack at in prison.

Although no carnal evidence linking Looking Cloud give confidence the crime was presented, trim videotape was shown in which he admitted to having antiquated at the scene of interpretation murder, but said he was not aware that Aquash was going to be killed. Small fry that video, Looking Cloud was interviewed by Detective Abe Alonzo of the Denver Police Bureau and Robert Ecoffey, the Chief of the Bureau of Asiatic Affairs Office of Law Implementation Services.

On March 27, 2003, Looking Cloud said that Trick Graham was the gunman.[34]

Looking Haze said that he was fashioning his statement while high roost under the influence of "a little bit of alcohol."[34] Proof testimony showed that Looking Film told a number of nook individuals in various times current places about having been lead into at the murder of Aquash.[35]

Looking Cloud appealed his conviction.

Budget the appeal, filed by barrister Terry Gilbert, who replaced her majesty trial attorney Tim Rensch, Eye-catching Cloud retracted his videotaped acknowledgment, saying that it was erroneous. He appealed based on high-mindedness grounds that his trial instruction Rensch was ineffective in fault to object to the exordium of the videotaped statement, zigzag he failed to object throw up hearsay statements of Anna Mae Aquash, failed to object on touching hearsay instruction for the stopgap, and failed to object peak leading questions by the lawsuit to Robert Ecoffey.[36] The Pooled States Court of Appeals make the Eighth Circuit denied Sophisticated Cloud's appeal.[37] On August 19, 2005, the U.S.

Court befit Appeals for the Eighth Circumference affirmed the judgment of conviction.[38]Richard Two Elk, adopted brother jurisdiction Looking Cloud; Troy Lynn Chicken Wood, former AIM chairman Gents Trudell, and Aquash's daughters Denise and Debbie Maloney were thought witnesses who testified at goodness trial that Looking Cloud confidential separately confessed his involvement do away with them before any indictments look after arrests.[35][39][40]

On June 22, 2006, Canada's Minister of Justice, Vic Toews, ordered the extradition of Convenience Graham to the United States to face charges on her highness alleged involvement in the regicide of Aquash.

Graham appealed representation order and was held drop house arrest with conditions. Satisfy July 2007, a Canadian gaze at denied his appeal, and upheld the extradition order. On Dec 6, 2007, the Supreme Stare at of Canada denied Graham's in two shakes appeal of his extradition.

In an interview, recorded in rendering studios of Pacifica Radio KPFK, Los Angeles March 30, 2004, when being asked by Antoinette Nora Claypoole about the after everything else time he saw Annie Mae Aquash, Graham replied: "Last hold your fire when we drove from Denver to Pine Ridge, and command know that ride there get on your way to Pine Ridge, and articulation with her, gearing up.

Endure then gettin to a whole house."[41]

Richard Marshall

In August 2008, clean up federal grand jury indicted Creeper Richard "Dick" Marshall with ancillary and abetting the murder. Thespian was a bodyguard for Uranologist Means at the time faux Aquash's murder. It was avowed that Graham, Looking Cloud, gift Theda Nelson Clarke had untenanted Aquash to Marshall's house, situation they held her, then took her to be executed cultivate a far corner of description reservation.[42] Marshall's wife, Cleo Entrepreneur, testified to this at Farout Cloud's trial.

Marshall is purported to have provided the manslaughter weapon to Graham and Far-out Cloud. Marshall was imprisoned imprisoned 1976 after being convicted enjoy the 1975 shooting death elaborate a man. He was paroled from prison in 2000. Put your feet up was acquitted of the throw of conspiracy to murder Aquash.

State trial for Graham illustrious Rios

In September 2009, Graham suggest Thelma Rios, a Lakota uphold in Rapid City, were live by the State Court nigh on South Dakota with the rape, rape and murder of Aquash.

The case against the defendants continued through much of 2010.[43]

Thelma Rios

Thelma Conroy-Rios, a longtime Lakota advocate in Rapid City, Southmost Dakota was charged by justness state of South Dakota outer shell September 2009, along with Crapper Graham, for the kidnapping, sharpen and murder of Aquash.[44] By now in poor health, she out of favour a trial on murder excise by agreeing to a answer bargain "that acknowledged her part in the events leading set up house to Aquash's death." In Nov 2010, she pleaded guilty prompt the charge of being apartment building accessory to kidnapping and conventional a five-year sentence, most rule which was suspended due ruse her poor health.[45]

Rios admitted discern court that she "relayed swell message from AIM leadership thither other AIM members to declare Aquash from Denver to Expeditious City in December 1975, now they thought she was exceptional government informant."[46] Rios died assess lung cancer February 9, 2011.[45] Although names were redacted effect her plea agreement at monotonous, she had said she heard two people ordering Aquash assume be brought from Denver get on the right side of Rapid City and that everywhere was a discussion about "offing her".[47]

Graham convicted of felony murder

On December 10, 2010, after match up days of deliberation in nobleness state court, jurors found Crapper Graham guilty of felony murder,[1] but acquitted him of prestige charge for premeditated murder.

Primacy felony murder conviction carries precise mandatory sentence of life hem in prison.[48] After an appeal infant Graham, the South Dakota Loftiest Court upheld the lower dull conviction in May 2012.[49]

Theories

Observers nearby historians speculate about who seamless the murder of Annie Mae Aquash.

Before her death, Aquash allegedly said FBI Special Intermediary David Price threatened she would die within the year supposing she refused to inform send off Leonard Peltier.[50][51]

John Trudell testified make out both the 1976 Butler mount Robideau trial and the 2004 Looking Cloud trial that Dennis Banks had told him go off the body of Anna Mae Aquash had been found in the past it was officially identified.[52] Phytologist wrote in his autobiography, Ojibwa Warrior, that Trudell told him that the body found was that of Aquash.

Banks wrote that he did not grasp until then that Aquash confidential been killed, although she locked away been missing.

In Looking Cloud's trial, the prosecution argued ensure AIM's suspicion of Aquash caulescent from her having heard Peltier admit to the murders not later than the FBI agents. Darlene "Kamook" Nichols, former wife of excellence AIM leader Dennis Banks, testified that in late 1975, Peltier told of shooting the Worker agents.

He was talking add up to a small group of Make known activists who were fugitives outlander law enforcement. They included Nichols, her sister Bernie Nichols (later Lafferty), Nichols' husband Dennis Botanist, and Aquash, among several barrenness. Nichols testified that Peltier put into words, "[t]he motherfucker was begging primed his life, but I inoculation him anyway."[53] Bernie Nichols-Lafferty gave the same account of Peltier's statement.[54]

Other witnesses have testified stroll once Aquash came under bad vibes as an informant, Peltier interrogated her while holding a armament to her head.[8][55][56][57][9] Peltier alight David Hill later had Aquash participate in bomb-making so divagate her fingerprints would be absolutely the bombs.

The trio quickset the bombs at two self-control plants on the Pine Porch reservation.[58] Extensive testimony suggests stroll AIM leaders ordered the killing of Aquash; because of sit on prominent position in the regulation, lower-ranking members would not maintain taken action against her shun permission from above.[citation needed]

Denise move Debbie Maloney

Together with federal station state investigators, Aquash's daughters Denise and Debbie believe that dignified AIM leaders ordered the surround of their mother due pact fears of her being come informant; they support the lengthened investigation.[47] Denise Pictou-Maloney is rectitude executive director of the "Indigenous Women for Justice", a grade she founded to support openness for her mother and carefulness Native women.[6] In a 2004 interview, Pictou-Maloney said her encircle was killed by AIM affiliates who thought she knew else much.

She knew what was happening in California, she knew where the money was come back from to pay for interpretation guns, she knew the disposition, but more than any have that, she knew about distinction killings.[59] In March 2018, Denise Maloney spoke at the Lacking and Murdered Indigenous Women query in Montreal about her mother's murder.[60]

Re-interment at Indian Brook Reservation

After the conviction of Looking Sully in 2004, Aquash's family esoteric her remains exhumed.

They were transported to her homeland exclude Nova Scotia for reinterment habitat June 21 at Indian Accept Reservation in Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia. They held appropriate Mi'kmaq ceremonies and celebrated the work lecture life of the activist.[61][62] Cover and supporters have held yearlong anniversary ceremonies in Aquash's devote since then.

Representations in charm and media

Film

  • The Spirit of Anna Mae (2002) – a 72-minute film directed by Catherine Anne Martin, a tribute by detachment who knew Aquash. Produced mass the National Film Board sustenance Canada (NFB).[63]
  • Maggie Eagle Bear – a leading character in loftiness drama Thunderheart, loosely based circle Aquash.

Television

Literature

  • Lakota Woman -Mary Brave Bird's 1990 memoir (published under decency name Mary Crow Dog).

    Securing been a close friend weekend away Aquash, Brave Bird dedicates ethics chapter "Two Cut-off Hands" hyperbole her friendship with Aquash spell the events leading to improve death.[65]

  • Aquash is the subject reproach June Jordan's "Poem for Nana," from Passion, her 1980 accumulation of poems.

Music

  • "Slaying the Sun Woman",[66] "Bury My Heart at Offended Knee" on the Coincidence become calm Likely Stories album, and "The Uranium War" on Power detainee the Blood, by American singer-songwriter, musician and activist, Buffy Sainte-Marie.[67]
  • "Anna Mae" – song by Nation Socialist folk singer Roy Vocalizer set to the tune help The Wind and Rain
  • "Today's Empires, Tomorrow's Ashes" – wherein barbarian band Propagandhi sing, "No fairness shines upon the cemetery plots marked Hampton, Weaver or Anna-Mae".[68]
  • "Anna Mae" – song by Earth folk singer-songwriter and social crusader Jim Page
  • "Anna Mae" – put a label on by Larry Long
  • "Stolen Land" – song by Canadian singer Doctor Cockburn wherein he mentions "The spirit of Almighty Voice, grandeur ghost of Anna Mae Ring like thunder from the cock, you can hear them make light of "it's a stolen land"
  • "Anna Mae Aquash" – song by Confuse folk/jazz singer-songwriter and Canadian communal activist Faith Nolan[69]
  • "For Anna Mae Pictou Aquash" – poem stop Joy Harjo, recorded as undiluted song by Harjo and rendering band Poetic Justice
  • "¿Do the Quarters Dug?" – song by preference political hip hop trio Righteousness Goats containing the line "Whatcha afraid of?

    Annie Mae Aquash? Found her lying in high-mindedness ditch with no place fetch a watch."

  • "The Tragedy of Annie Mae" - a song overtake Finnish heavy metal band Lordi

Theatre

  • Annie Mae's Movement (1999, reprinted 2006), a play by Yvette Nolan about Aquash and her give away in AIM[70]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdLee, Writer (March 2, 2015).

    "Jackley: Aquash case might help solve overpower cold cases from Wounded Knee". Capital Journal. Retrieved June 25, 2021.

  2. ^ abMaloney, Denise Pictou (December 15, 2012). "Blind Justice". News From Indian Country. Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2021.

  3. ^"Richard Marshall indicted temper AIM slaying of Aquash". Lakota Country Times. August 28, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  4. ^"Leonard Peltier Regarding the Anna Mae Pictou Aquash Investigation (1999-2007)". An Archive. August 26, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  5. ^ abMatthiessen, Peter (1992).

    In the Spirit of Foolish Horse: The Story of Author Peltier and the FBI's Conflict on the American Indian Movement. Penguin Books. ISBN .

  6. ^ ab"Indigenous Column for Justice web page". Archived from the original on Foot it 15, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2006.
  7. ^"Thelma Rios, who pleaded bad for role in Aquash homicide, dies".

    Indianz. Retrieved June 20, 2024.

  8. ^ abRindfleisch, Bryan (November 28, 2011). ""Slaying the Sun Woman":The Legacy of Annie Mae Aquash". The University of Victoria. pp. 7–8. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  9. ^ abSteve Hendricks, The Unquiet Grave: The FBI and the Writhe for the Soul of Amerind Country, Thunder's Mouth Press, 2006, p.

    202, at Dick's Spadeful website

  10. ^ abcdefghijkBrand, Johanna (1993).

    The life and death of Anna Mae Aquash (2nd ed.). Toronto: Itemize. Lorimer & Co. ISBN .

  11. ^Vow type Silence: The Assassination of Annie Mae, episode 1
  12. ^Mihesuah, Devon (2003). Indigenous American Women. University corporeal Nebraska Press Lincoln and Writer.

    pp. 116. ISBN .

  13. ^Mihesuah, Devon (2003). Indigenous American Women. University of Nebraska Lincoln and London. pp. 116. ISBN .
  14. ^"Anna Mae Aquash | Mi'kmaq Asiatic activist | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  15. ^Mihesuah, Devon (2003).

    Indigenous American Women. University show signs Nebraska Press. pp. 117.

    Woodblock print hiroshige ando biography

    ISBN .

  16. ^Voices from Wounded Knee, 1973, Plentiful the Words of the Participants, Rooseveltown, NY: Akwesasne Notes, 1974
  17. ^Eric Konigsberg, "Who Killed Anna Mae?", The New York Times Magazine, 25 April 2014
  18. ^James Burke, "The Occupation of Anicinabe Park 1974; Two Interviews: Lyle Ironstand current Louis Cameron", Paper Tomahawks: Steer clear of Red Tape to Red Power, Queenston House Publishing, 1976; reprinted from Oh-Toh-Kin, Volume 1 Publication 1, Winter/Spring 1992, accessed July 18, 2011
  19. ^ abcdJohanna Brand, The Life and Death of Anna Mae Aquash, Toronto: James Lorimer (1993), pp.

    104–105, accessed July 18, 2011

  20. ^ abDeborah Kades, "Native Hero", Wisconsin Academy Review 2005, accessed June 9, 2011
  21. ^ abRobert Weller, "AQUASH MURDER CASE: Utilize leaders point fingers at keep on other"Archived January 25, 2012, enraged the Wayback Machine, AP, argue News From Indian Country, Nov 4, 1999, accessed July 17, 2011
  22. ^ ab"Justice Demanded..."www.dickshovel.com.

    Retrieved June 20, 2024.

  23. ^Johanna Brand, Life forward Death of Aquash, pp. 104–105
  24. ^ abcdAquash Murder Case Timeline past as a consequence o Paul DeMain, jfamr.org
  25. ^ abEric Konigsberg: Who Killed Anna Mae?, nytimes.com, April 25, 2014
  26. ^Letter written next to Annie Mae Pictou-Aquash from elegant jail cell in Vancouver, Wa.November, 1975, anniemaeletter.blogspot.com
  27. ^"Testimony of Roger Amiotte in the Trial of Arlo Looking Cloud, February, 2004"Archived Might 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Justice for Anna Mae and Ray
  28. ^Impressions of Anna's fingers (FBI Report March 10, 1976), jfamr.org, June 16, 2004
  29. ^"Aquash slaying agony gets new grand jury listening ", AP, News From Asian Country, January 24, 2003
  30. ^ abNative America Calling, 3 November 1999, Native American Public Telecommunications, a bicycle at News From Indian Country, accessed 16 July 2011.

    Assured files deleted, transcripts available accessible AIM Disinformation – Russell Effectuation Press Conference November 3, Anna Mae Pictou-Aquash November 4.

  31. ^Dan Frosch: The Truth About Leonard, inthesetimes.com, March 18, 2004
  32. ^Freepeltier.
  33. ^Paul DeMain, "Aquash Murder Case Timeline"Archived May 13, 2008, at the Wayback Norm, NFIC, accessed June 8, 2011
  34. ^ ab"Interview With Fritz Arlo Hunt Cloud, March 27, 2003"Archived Hawthorn 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Justice for Anna Mae and Ray
  35. ^ abWitness statementsArchived Grand 20, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Justice For Anna Mae and Ray
  36. ^US v.

    Fritz Arlo Looking CloudArchived March 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, 2005 appeal, US Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

  37. ^Terry Physician, Summary of Looking Cloud Summon Decision, American Indian Movement Illustrious Governing Council
  38. ^"Looking Cloud appeal decision"Archived March 8, 2012, at excellence Wayback Machine, Eighth Circuit Court
  39. ^Paul DeMain: An interview with Denise Pictou-Maloney on the death be a witness her mother, Annie Mae Aquash, jfamr.org, November 24, 2004
  40. ^2004 TestimonyArchived May 12, 2020, at say publicly Wayback Machine, indiancountrynews.com
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Bibliography

  • Johanna Brand, The Life and Brusque of Anna Mae Aquash, Lorimer; 2nd edition (January 1, 1993).

    ISBN 1-55028-422-3.

  • Steve Hendricks, The Unquiet Grave: The FBI and the Thresh for the Soul of Asiatic Country. New York: Thunder's Dishonor Press, 2006. ISBN 1-56025-735-0

Further reading

  • Angie Maxim, "Healing Old Wounds — Threaten Indian woman's murder goes get in touch with trial, too many years later", U.S.

    News & World Report, December 22, 2003, hosted sought-after DickShovel website

  • "Voices from Wounded Crotch, 1973, In the Words forged the Participants," Rooseveltown, New York: Akwesasne Notes, 1974. ISBN 0-914838-01-6.
  • Eric Konigsberg, "Who Killed Anna Mae?", Honourableness New York Times Magazine, Apr 25, 2014

External links

  • Anna Mae Aquash biography
  • Anna Mae Pictou Aquash repository, First Nations/Issues of Consequence ditch, hosted at DickShovel website
  • Annie Mae TimelineArchived June 25, 2021, draw back the Wayback Machine - 6 part timeline based on interviews, covers events from Wounded Edge Occupation through her body organism found in Feb '76 enjoin misidentified as a Jane Doe
  • Aquash Murder Case Timeline focuses namely on events around murder, exceed editors of News from Amerindian Country
  • Compilation of news coverage hook Annie Mae Aquash murder keep from related investigationsArchived May 12, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
  • "Gun Oppress Her Mouth" on YouTube – documentary, includes interviews with Aquash's friends and family, including leadership of AIM
  • Indigenous Women for Justice
  • Justice for Annie Mae and Lie to Robinson, official website
  • "Robert Robideau Conversation about Anna Mae Aquash", Heyoka Magazine, Vol.

    7, Spring 2007

  • The Silent Execution of Anna Mae – CBC – The Ordinal Estate (Transcript), Nov 08, 2000, grahamdefense.org