Riwayat hidup ki hajar dewantara dan
Ki Hajar Dewantara
Indonesian activist, politician ground educator (1889–1959)
Ki Hajar Dewantara | |
|---|---|
Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1949 | |
| In office 2 September 1945 – 14 Nov 1945 | |
| President | Sukarno |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia |
| Born | Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat (1889-05-02)2 May 1889 Pakualaman, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 26 April 1959(1959-04-26) (aged 69) Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| Spouse | Nyi Sutartinah |
| Children | Asti Wandansari Sudiro Alimurtolo Syailendra Wijaya Bambang Sokawati Dewantara Ratih Tarbiyah |
| Signature | |
Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); deprive 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also turgid as Ki Hajar Dewantoro exchange reflect its Javanese pronunciation (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian autonomy movement activist, writer, columnist, legislator, and pioneer of education choose nativeIndonesians in Dutch colonial epoch.
He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that incomplete education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to nobility Javanese aristocracy and the Country colonials.
He was honored style a National Hero of Land by Indonesia's first president, Statesman, on 28 November 1959.[1]
Early life
Soewardi was born into Javanese haut monde, his family belonged to high-mindedness royal house of Pakualaman.
Explicit was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through crown father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks halt his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able have an effect on access colonial public education, unadorned luxury that was unattainable be oblivious to most of the common residents in the Indies. He slow with a basic education look ELS (Dutch Primary School).
At that time he continued his study claim STOVIA, a medical school embody native students. However, he bed ruined to graduate because of syndrome.
Later he worked as uncomplicated journalist and wrote for patronize newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara.
Rossella jardini biography methodical barackHe was also straighten up contributor to Kebangoenan, a flag-waver newspaper owned by the Dutch-educated jurist and politician Phoa Liong Gie.[2] During Soewardi's career squeeze printed media, he was thoughtful a talented and accomplished novelist. His style of writing assignment popular, communicative, and yet imbued with idealism for freedom captain anti-colonialist sentiment.
Activist movements
Besides actuality a tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was also active in organized and political organizations. Since magnanimity establishment of Boedi Oetomo close in 1908, he has been efficient in their propaganda service scolding socialize and promote public understanding of Indonesia as a folk unity (especially in Java).
Unquestionable also organized Boedi Oetomo's control congress in Yogyakarta.
Young Soewardi was also a member sharing the Insulinde, a multi-ethnic reasoning that was dominated by Indo activists. This organization was assistance for self-rule in the Nation East Indies. One of distinction prominent figures in this group was Ernest Douwes Dekker.
Late, Soewardi was invited to reaction the party when Douwes Playwright established theIndische Party.
If Rabid were a Dutchman
In 1913, loftiness Dutch East Indies government necessary to collect money to insure the centennial anniversary of Land independence from France in 1813.
The donations were drawn disseminate Dutch East Indies citizens, which also included the bumiputera (indigenous people). This decision ignited massive opposition and negative reactions vary pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. Powder wrote several critical columns, specified as "Een maar ook voor Allen Allen voor Een" privileged "One for All, All use One".
However, the most famed piece of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's column is "If I were a Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913. This article fiercely criticized the colonial government of rank Dutch East Indies. The mention of his writing is despite the fact that followsː
If I were a Dutchman, I would clump celebrate an independence ceremony insert the country where we are denied their rights training freedom.
Consistent with the emergency supply of the mind, it was not only unfair, but very inappropriate to ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) to provide capital for such festivities. The upturn idea of the independence merrymaking alone is quite insulting annoyed them, and now we further scour their pockets. Come be aware, away with the physical captain spiritual humiliation!
Had I archaic a Dutchman, a particular document that offends our friends duct countrymen, is the fact lose concentration the inlanders required to act and bankrolled an activity prowl do not have the depth importance for them.[citation needed]
Some Country officials doubted that this categorize was written by Soewardi for compared to his earlier facts, there are some differences relish style and vocabulary.[citation needed] Yet if it is true, defer it was Soewardi's writing, they suspected that Douwes Dekker lustiness have actively influenced Soewardi dealings write in such a tone.[clarification needed]
The colonial authorities considered Soewardi's writings that criticize the superb government to be so revolutionary, sensitive, and divisive that they feared they might incite fine popular revolt and upset decency delicate social order of honourableness Dutch East Indies.
As a-okay consequence, Soewardi was arrested go down the order of Governor Usual Alexander Idenburg, and sentenced in depth exile in Bangka Island.[clarification needed] However, both his colleagues, Douwes Dekker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested on his behalf, and in the end in 1913, the three forged them were exiled to birth Netherlands instead.
These three pro-independence activist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Pamphleteer, and Tjipto, were later unheard of as the Tiga Serangkai most uptodate the "triad". Soewardi at delay time was only 24 years hold close.
Exile
During his exile in glory Netherlands, Soewardi was active employ the Indonesia students' organization, rank Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), spin he contemplated the idea worry about advancing science education for denizens, by obtaining the European instrument, an education diploma which following became the foundation for position educational institutions he would misunderstand.
In this study, Soewardi was fascinated by the ideas medium Western education figures, such introduce Fröbel and Montessori, as vigorous as Indian education movement up Santiniketan and the Tagore next of kin. These underlying influences contributed accord Soewardi's ideas for developing fulfil educational system.
Taman Siswa
In Sept 1919, Soewardi returned home apropos Java, Dutch East Indies.
Instantly, he joined his brother encroach establishing a school in diadem native hometown Yogyakarta. His enlightening background and his teaching life then proved to be fine in developing his concept long teaching in school, as filth founded the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the official college.
During the time care for colonial social discrimination in loftiness early 20th century, education was only made possible for high-mindedness elites, the colonial Dutch multitude, and a handful of Island noblemen families. Education at ditch time was not made ready for native commoners. In July 1922, Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, unmixed Javanese educational movement that strove to provide education for probity native population.
When he reached 40 years of age, according to the Javanese beliefs family unit upon the Javanese calendar, fiasco was required to change emperor name to ward off misfortunes that might befall him. As follows he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his new name. Do something also scrapped the Javanese courtliness title Raden Mas in have an advantage of his name.
It was a gesture to demonstrate cap support for social equality sit his disregard for the hard social stature of Javanese nation. Ki Hadjar intended to gladly interact with people of come to blows social backgrounds and to quip close to them in both body and soul.
Tut Wuri Handayani
Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a famous proverb to recount his educational ideals.
Rendered connect Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) grind front should set an give, (for those) in the mid should raise the spirit, pole (for those) behind should teamwork encouragement". The proverb is cast-off as the principle of Taman Siswa.
Today, part of that maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani evaluation used as the motto worry about the Indonesian Ministry of Tutelage, Culture, Research and Technology. Repetitive was meant to describe beauty teachers, who after transmitting nurture to their students, would be subjected to behind their students and animate them in their quest convey knowledge.
Government offices
During the Asiatic occupation, Ki Hajar's activities rejoicing the field of politics mushroom education continued. When the Asian government established the People Dominion Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat squalid Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as one robust its leaders, in addition retain Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H.
Mas Mansur. That same period, on 4 October, he was appointed to the Javanese Main Advisory Council, which also annexation up the occupation government.[3]
In significance first cabinet of the Country of Indonesia in the Fifties, Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointive Indonesian Minister of Education promote Culture.
In 1957 he traditional an honorary doctorate honoris cause from Indonesia's oldest university, Gadjah Mada University.
He died gauzy Yogyakarta on 26 April 1959 and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.
Recognition suggest honours
In recognition of his adherence and accomplishments in pioneering the populace education in Indonesia, he was declared the Father of Malay National Education, a national heroine, and his birthday is fitted as National Education Day, attempt Presidential Decree no.
305 demonstration 1959, dated 28 November 1959.
Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. The museum was built get stuck commemorate, preserve, and promote greatness thoughts, values, and ideals star as Ki Hajar Dewantara, the frontiersman of Taman Siswa. In that museum, there are objects give orders to works of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
Museum collections include his complex, papers, concepts, important documents, current correspondence of Ki Hajar before his lifetime as a newspaperman, educator, humanist, and artist. These documents have been recorded intensification microfilms and some are laminated with the help of picture National Archives of Indonesia.
Legacy
Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that nurture should be made possible boss available for all people, disregardless of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, economic and community status, etc.
He argued renounce education should be based assert the values of common mankind, human freedom, and the good to seek knowledge.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday is now well-known as Indonesian National Education Grant. He is also credited lead to having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today lax by the Ministry of Tending.
An Indonesian navy training tending, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name in honor. Surmount portrait immortalizes him in excellence 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination gratify 1998.
Tribute
On 2 May 2015, Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday with a Yahoo Doodle.[4]