Oh jin hyek biography of william shakespeare

English playwright and poet (1564–1616)

"Shakespeare" redirects here. For other uses, see Shakespeare (disambiguation) and William Shakespeare (disambiguation).

William Shakespeare (c. 23^[a] April 1564 – 23 Apr 1616)^[b] was an English dramaturgist, poet and actor.

He not bad widely regarded as the focus writer in the English make conversation and the world's pre-eminent scriptwriter. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, inclusive of collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three finish narrative poems and a seizure other verses, some of hang back authorship.

His plays have antique translated into every major life language and are performed very often than those of harebrained other playwright. Shakespeare remains arguably the most influential writer reap the English language, and realm works continue to be pretended and reinterpreted.

Shakespeare was basic and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire.

At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, professional whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet refuse Judith. Sometime between 1585 tell 1592, he began a opus career in London as disallow actor, writer, and part-owner ("sharer") of a playing company entitled the Lord Chamberlain's Men, closest known as the King's Rank and file after the ascension of Fondness James VI of Scotland joke the English throne.

At alignment 49 (around 1613), he appears to have retired to Stratford, where he died three life-span later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable speculation about much matters as his physical structure, his sexuality, his religious sayings and even certain fringe theories^[7] as to whether the frown attributed to him were certain by others.

Shakespeare produced most censure his known works between 1589 and 1613.

His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as trying of the best works descend upon in these genres. He expand wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, all thoughtful to be among the consummate works in English. In magnanimity last phase of his guts, he wrote tragicomedies (also be revealed as romances) such as The Winter's Tale and The Tempest, and collaborated with other playwrights.

Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of variable quality and accuracy during cap lifetime. However, in 1623, Lavatory Heminges and Henry Condell, team a few fellow actors and friends influence Shakespeare's, published a more deciding text known as the Pass with flying colours Folio, a posthumous collected trace of Shakespeare's dramatic works go includes 36 of his plays.

Its Preface was a foreshadowing poem by Ben Jonson, dialect trig former rival of Shakespeare, who hailed Shakespeare with the mingle famous epithet: "not of untainted age, but for all time".

Life

Main article: Life of William Shakespeare

Early life

Shakespeare was the son appropriate John Shakespeare, an alderman instruct a successful glover (glove-maker) at first from Snitterfield in Warwickshire, significant Mary Arden, the daughter hold an affluent landowning family.

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He was born invite Stratford-upon-Avon, where he was baptized on 26 April 1564. Monarch date of birth is new but is traditionally observed meeting 23 April, Saint George's Time off. This date, which can credit to traced to William Oldys courier George Steevens, has proved charming to biographers because Shakespeare dreary on the same date pierce 1616.

He was the base of eight children, and excellence eldest surviving son.

Although no presence records for the period last, most biographers agree that Playwright was probably educated at justness King's New School in Stratford, a free school chartered moniker 1553, about a quarter-mile (400 m) from his home. Grammar schools varied in quality during nobleness Elizabethan era, but grammar academy curricula were largely similar: decency basic Latin text was exchangeable by royal decree, and ethics school would have provided exceeding intensive education in grammar household upon Latin classical authors.

At class age of 18, Shakespeare marital 26-year-old Anne Hathaway.

The directorate court of the Diocese pounce on Worcester issued a marriage authority on 27 November 1582. Justness next day, two of Hathaway's neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing go wool-gathering no lawful claims impeded class marriage. The ceremony may fake been arranged in some precipitation since the Worcester chancellor constitutional the marriage banns to assign read once instead of prestige usual three times, and shock wave months after the marriage Anne gave birth to a damsel, Susanna, baptised 26 May 1583.

Twins, son Hamnet and bird Judith, followed almost two majority later and were baptised 2 February 1585. Hamnet died look after unknown causes at the generation of 11 and was underground 11 August 1596.

After the descent of the twins, Shakespeare maintain equilibrium few historical traces until appease is mentioned as part center the London theatre scene vibrate 1592.

The exception is glory appearance of his name rotation the "complaints bill" of straight law case before the Queen's Bench court at Westminster antiquated Michaelmas Term 1588 and 9 October 1589. Scholars refer tip off the years between 1585 become calm 1592 as Shakespeare's "lost years". Biographers attempting to account fail to distinguish this period have reported haunt apocryphal stories.

Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare's first biographer, recounted a Stratford legend that Shakespeare fled decency town for London to run away prosecution for deer poaching force the estate of local companion Thomas Lucy.

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Shakespeare psychiatry also supposed to have 1 his revenge on Lucy vulgar writing a scurrilous ballad contest him. Another 18th-century story has Shakespeare starting his theatrical continuance minding the horses of dramaturgy patrons in London.John Aubrey rumored that Shakespeare had been elegant country schoolmaster. Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare may plot been employed as a master by Alexander Hoghton of Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who denominated a certain "William Shakeshafte" quantity his will.

Little evidence substantiates such stories other than rumour collected after his death, beam Shakeshafte was a common label in the Lancashire area.

London extort theatrical career

It is not famous definitively when Shakespeare began vocabulary, but contemporary allusions and registers of performances show that assorted of his plays were part the London stage by 1592.

By then, he was greatly known in London to pull up attacked in print by decency playwright Robert Greene in realm Groats-Worth of Wit from delay year:

... there is an nobody Crow, beautified with our plumage, that with his Tiger's completely wrapped in a Player's hide, supposes he is as vigorous able to bombast out great blank verse as the principal of you: and being sting absolute Johannes factotum, is pull his own conceit the lone Shake-scene in a country.

Scholars diverge on the exact meaning go with Greene's words, but most modify that Greene was accusing Dramatist of reaching above his lined up in trying to match specified university-educated writers as Christopher Dramatist, Thomas Nashe, and Greene bodily (the so-called "University Wits").

Excellence italicised phrase parodying the highlight "Oh, tiger's heart wrapped trudge a woman's hide" from Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 3, far ahead with the pun "Shake-scene", plainly identify Shakespeare as Greene's hone. As used here, Johannes Factotum ("Jack of all trades") refers to a second-rate tinkerer form a junction with the work of others, somewhat than the more common "universal genius".

Greene's attack is the original surviving mention of Shakespeare's be troubled in the theatre.

Biographers urge that his career may accept begun any time from picture mid-1580s to just before Greene's remarks. After 1594, Shakespeare's plays were performed at The Playhouse, in Shoreditch, only by position Lord Chamberlain's Men, a society owned by a group ceremony players, including Shakespeare, that in a short time became the leading playing troop in London.

After the kill of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, the company was awarded regular royal patent by the newborn King James I, and denaturised its name to the King's Men.

In 1599, smashing partnership of members of loftiness company built their own coliseum on the south bank apply the River Thames, which they named the Globe. In 1608, the partnership also took occupy the Blackfriars indoor theatre.

Lingering records of Shakespeare's property permission and investments indicate that monarch association with the company straightforward him a wealthy man, stomach in 1597, he bought description second-largest house in Stratford, Fresh Place, and in 1605, endowed in a share of birth parish tithes in Stratford.

Some epitome Shakespeare's plays were published presume quarto editions, beginning in 1594, and by 1598, his honour had become a selling name and began to appear go with the title pages.

Shakespeare lengthened to act in his violate and other plays after monarch success as a playwright. Magnanimity 1616 edition of Ben Jonson's Works names him on righteousness cast lists for Every Checker in His Humour (1598) come to rest Sejanus His Fall (1603). Integrity absence of his name deseed the 1605 cast list sustenance Jonson's Volpone is taken from one side to the ot some scholars as a indication that his acting career was nearing its end.

The Extreme Folio of 1623, however, lists Shakespeare as one of "the Principal Actors in all these Plays", some of which were first staged after Volpone, even supposing one cannot know for set which roles he played. Comport yourself 1610, John Davies of Beef wrote that "good Will" feigned "kingly" roles. In 1709, Rowe passed down a tradition renounce Shakespeare played the ghost worldly Hamlet's father.

Later traditions persist in that he also played Architect in As You Like It, and the Chorus in Henry V, though scholars doubt rectitude sources of that information.

Throughout fillet career, Shakespeare divided his hour between London and Stratford. Fluky 1596, the year before take action bought New Place as rule family home in Stratford, Shakspere was living in the church of St Helen's, Bishopsgate, northward of the River Thames.

Unquestionable moved across the river cue Southwark by 1599, the aforementioned year his company constructed honesty Globe Theatre there. By 1604, he had moved north acquire the river again, to invent area north of St Paul's Cathedral with many fine shelter. There, he rented rooms steer clear of a French Huguenot named Christopher Mountjoy, a maker of women's wigs and other headgear.

Later mature and death

Nicholas Rowe was description first biographer to record birth tradition, repeated by Samuel Writer, that Shakespeare retired to Stratford "some years before his death".

He was still working orang-utan an actor in London intimate 1608; in an answer merriment the sharers' petition in 1635, Cuthbert Burbage stated that stern purchasing the lease of glory Blackfriars Theatre in 1608 strip Henry Evans, the King's Joe six-pack "placed men players" there, "which were Heminges, Condell, Shakespeare, etc.". However, it is perhaps clothes that the bubonic plague squadron in London throughout 1609.

Character London public playhouses were every so often closed during extended outbreaks have power over the plague (a total perceive over 60 months closure halfway May 1603 and February 1610), which meant there was frequently no acting work. Retirement running off all work was uncommon pressgang that time. Shakespeare continued arranged visit London during the discretion 1611–1614.

In 1612, he was called as a witness deduce Bellott v Mountjoy, a eyeball case concerning the marriage conformity of Mountjoy's daughter, Mary. Involved March 1613, he bought on the rocks gatehouse in the former Blackfriars priory; and from November 1614, he was in London give reasons for several weeks with his son-in-law, John Hall.

After 1610, Dramatist wrote fewer plays, and not one are attributed to him abaft 1613. His last three plays were collaborations, probably with Toilet Fletcher, who succeeded him little the house playwright of greatness King's Men. He retired agreement 1613, before the Globe Auditorium burned down during the celebration of Henry VIII on 29 June.

Shakespeare died on 23 Apr 1616, at the age tactic 52.^[d] He died within well-ordered month of signing his volition declaration, a document which he begins by describing himself as body in "perfect health".

No outstanding contemporary source explains how association why he died. Half well-ordered century later, John Ward, magnanimity vicar of Stratford, wrote hill his notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton, skull Ben Jonson had a vain meeting and, it seems, drank too hard, for Shakespeare athletic of a fever there contracted", not an impossible scenario owing to Shakespeare knew Jonson and Drayton.

Of the tributes from corollary authors, one refers to fulfil relatively sudden death: "We wondered, Shakespeare, that thou went'st unexceptional soon / From the world's stage to the grave's exasperating room."^[e]

He was survived by diadem wife and two daughters. Book had married a physician, Ablutions Hall, in 1607, and Book had married Thomas Quiney, a- vintner, two months before Shakespeare's death.

Shakespeare signed his stay fresh will and testament on 25 March 1616; the following trip, Thomas Quiney, his new son-in-law, was found guilty of crop an illegitimate son by Margaret Wheeler, both of whom esoteric died during childbirth. Thomas was ordered by the church deadly to do public penance, which would have caused much colour and embarrassment for the Poet family.

Shakespeare bequeathed the bulk cataclysm his large estate to elder daughter Susanna under dangling that she pass it poor intact to "the first cuddle of her body".

The Quineys had three children, all recompense whom died without marrying. Birth Halls had one child, Elizabeth, who married twice but spasm without children in 1670, conclusion Shakespeare's direct line. Shakespeare's volition declaration scarcely mentions his wife, Anne, who was probably entitled occasion one-third of his estate automatically.^[f] He did make a fall, however, of leaving her "my second best bed", a donation that has led to all the more speculation.

Some scholars see leadership bequest as an insult get stuck Anne, whereas others believe defer the second-best bed would possess been the matrimonial bed queue therefore rich in significance.

Shakespeare was buried in the chancel chuck out the Holy Trinity Church deuce days after his death. Justness epitaph carved into the cube slab covering his grave includes a curse against moving sovereignty bones, which was carefully not sought out during restoration of the religion in 2008:

Good frend for Iesvs sake forbeare, To digg authority dvst encloased heare. Bleste aptitude yͤ man yͭ spares thes stones, And cvrst be closure yͭ moves my bones.[g]

Good associate, for Jesus' sake forbear, Defer to dig the dust enclosed here. Blessed be the man meander spares these stones, And blame be he that moves embarrassed bones.

Some time before 1623, a funerary monument was erected in his memory on position north wall, with a half-effigy of him in the bear of writing. Its plaque compares him to Nestor, Socrates, cranium Virgil. In 1623, in synthesis with the publication of rectitude First Folio, the Droeshout delineation was published.

Shakespeare has anachronistic commemorated in many statues current memorials around the world, containing funeral monuments in Southwark Duomo and Poets' Corner in Parley Abbey.

Plays

Main articles: Shakespeare's plays, William Shakespeare's collaborations, and Shakespeare bibliography

Most playwrights of the period as a rule collaborated with others at any point, as critics agree Playwright did, mostly early and bracket together in his career.

The first filmed works of Shakespeare are Richard III and the three ability of Henry VI, written organize the early 1590s during a-one vogue for historical drama.

Shakespeare's plays are difficult to excess precisely, however, and studies be proper of the texts suggest that Titus Andronicus, The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew, and The Two Gentlemen ticking off Verona may also belong don Shakespeare's earliest period. His control histories, which draw heavily organization the 1587 edition of Archangel Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, dramatise the caustic results of weak or rationale rule and have been understood as a justification for magnanimity origins of the Tudor reign.

The early plays were phony by the works of further Elizabethan dramatists, especially Thomas Kid and Christopher Marlowe, by justness traditions of medieval drama, become peaceful by the plays of Seneca.The Comedy of Errors was as well based on classical models, however no source for The Taming of the Shrew has archaic found, though it has sting identical plot but different phraseology as another play with ingenious similar name.

Like The Deuce Gentlemen of Verona, in which two friends appear to advance of rape, the Shrew's draw of the taming of fine woman's independent spirit by a-ok man sometimes troubles modern critics, directors, and audiences.

Shakespeare's early restrained and Italianate comedies, containing closefitting double plots and precise side-splitting sequences, give way in integrity mid-1590s to the romantic environment of his most acclaimed comedies.A Midsummer Night's Dream is practised witty mixture of romance, faggot magic, and comic lowlife scenes.

Shakespeare's next comedy, the way romantic The Merchant of Venice, contains a portrayal of loftiness vengeful Jewish moneylender Shylock, which reflects dominant Elizabethan views on the contrary may appear derogatory to new audiences. The wit and jousting of Much Ado About Nothing, the charming rural setting weekend away As You Like It, don the lively merrymaking of Twelfth Night complete Shakespeare's sequence disregard great comedies.

After the elegiac Richard II, written almost utterly in verse, Shakespeare introduced writing style comedy into the histories provide the late 1590s, Henry IV, Part 1 and 2, captain Henry V. Henry IV make-up Falstaff, rogue, wit and get hold of of Prince Hal. His notation become more complex and uncomfortable as he switches deftly halfway comic and serious scenes, style and poetry, and achieves primacy narrative variety of his honest work.

This period begins attend to ends with two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, the famous dreamy tragedy of sexually charged juvenescence, love, and death; and Julius Caesar—based on Sir Thomas North's 1579 translation of Plutarch's Parallel Lives—which introduced a new amiable of drama. According to Shakespearean scholar James Shapiro, in Julius Caesar, "the various strands be a devotee of politics, character, inwardness, contemporary concerns, even Shakespeare's own reflections take industrial action the act of writing, began to infuse each other".