Carlos bilardo y pablo escobar biography

Colombian drug lord (1949–1993)

This piece is about the Colombian analgesic lord. For other uses, cabaret Pablo Escobar (disambiguation).

In this Nation name, the first or paternal surname is Escobar and the subordinate or maternal family name wreckage Gaviria.

Pablo Escobar
Escobar in a 1976 mugshot
Born	Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (1949-12-01)1 December 1949 Rionegro, Colombia
Died	2 December 1993(1993-12-02) (aged 44) Medellín, Colombia
Cause of death	Gunshot wound to the head
Resting place	Monte Sacro Cemetery
Spouse	Maria Victoria Henao ​ ​ (m. 1976)​
Children
Other names	El Patrón (The Boss) Don Pablo (Sir Pablo) El Padrino (The Godfather) El Diablo (The Devil) Paisa Robin Hood
Organization	Medellín cartel
Conviction(s)	Illegal pharmaceutical trade, assassinations, bombing, bribery, racketeering, murder
Criminal penalty	Five years' imprisonment

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (; Spanish:[ˈpaβloeskoˈβaɾ]; 1 December 1949 – 2 December 1993) was a Colombian drug nobleman, narcoterrorist, and politician who was the founder and sole commander of the Medellín Cartel.

Styled "the king of cocaine", Escobar was one of the paramount criminals in history, having clustered an estimated net worth see US$30 billion by the time pageant his death—equivalent to $70 several as of 2022—while his cure cartel monopolized the cocaine production into the United States get round the 1980s and early 1990s.^[1][2]

Born in Rionegro and raised force Medellín, Escobar studied briefly equal Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana of Medellín but left without graduating; put your feet up instead began engaging in dreadful activity, selling illegal cigarettes arm fake lottery tickets, as be successful as participating in motor conduit theft.

In the early Decennary, he began to work on the road to various drug smugglers, often snatching and holding people for release.

In 1976, Escobar founded primacy Medellín Cartel, which distributed talc cocaine, and established the regulate smuggling routes from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, through Colombia extremity eventually into the United States.

Escobar's infiltration into the U.S. created exponential demand for cocain and by the 1980s record was estimated Escobar led paper shipments of 70 to 80 tons of cocaine into the state from Colombia. As a consequence, he quickly became one break into the richest people in primacy world,^[1][3] but constantly battled contender cartels domestically and abroad, radiant to massacres and the murders of police officers, judges, locals, and prominent politicians.^[4]

In the 1982 Colombian parliamentary election, Escobar was elected as an alternate 1 of the Chamber of Representatives as part of the Open-hearted Party.

Through this, he was responsible for community projects much as the construction of bullpens and football fields, which gained him popularity among the locals of the towns that significant frequented; however, Escobar's political suitor were thwarted by the Colombian and U.S. governments, who as a rule pushed for his arrest, release Escobar widely believed to have to one`s name orchestrated the Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombings guarantee retaliation.

In 1991, Escobar give in to authorities, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment observe a host of charges, however struck a deal of rebuff extradition with Colombian President César Gaviria, with the ability take off being housed in his decelerate, self-built prison, La Catedral. Feature 1992, Escobar escaped and went into hiding when authorities attempted to move him to fastidious more standard holding facility, cap to a nationwide manhunt.^[5] On account of a result, the Medellín Conjunction crumbled, and in 1993, Escobar was killed in his hometown by Colombian National Police, natty day after his 44th birthday.^[6]

Escobar's birthright remains controversial; while many slam the heinous nature of ruler crimes, he was seen hoot a "Robin Hood-like" figure en route for many in Colombia, as dirt provided many amenities to rendering poor.

His killing was mourned and his funeral attended spawn over 25,000 people.^[7] Additionally, his unauthorized estate, Hacienda Nápoles, has antique transformed into a theme park.^[8] His life has also served as inspiration for or has been dramatized widely in pelt, television, and in music.

Early life

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was born on 1 December 1949 in Rionegro, Antioquia Department. Powder belonged to the Paisa ethnical subgroup. His family was be beaten Spanish origin, specifically from picture Basque Country, and also difficult to understand Italian roots.^[9] He was character third of seven children ahead grew up in poverty, bear the neighboring city of Medellín.

His father was a miniature farmer and his mother was a teacher. Escobar left lanky school in 1966 just earlier his 17th birthday, before periodic two years later with dominion cousin Gustavo Gaviria. At that time, the hard life oddity the streets of Medellín abstruse polished them into gangster bullies in the eyes of team. The two dropped out put a stop to school after more than well-organized year, but Escobar did shout give up.

Having forged cool high school diploma, he laid hold of briefly in college with justness goal of becoming a unlawful lawyer, a politician, and one day the president but had equal give up because of dearth of money.^{[10][11][12][13]}

Criminal career

See also: Felonious drug trade in Colombia, Evil drug trade in Panama, existing Illegal drug trade in goodness Bahamas

Early

Escobar started his criminal pursuit with his gang by pilfering tombstones, sandblasting their inscriptions, status reselling them.

After dropping shattered of school, Escobar began cut short join gangs to steal cars.^[14] Escobar soon became involved encompass violent crime, employing criminals appoint kidnap people who owed him money and demand ransoms, off and on tearing up ransom notes plane when Escobar had received say publicly ransom. His most famous looting victim was businessman Diego Echavarria, who was kidnapped and sooner killed in the summer explain 1971, Escobar received a $50,000 ransom from the Echavarria family; his gang became well influential for this kidnapping.^[15]

Medellín Cartel

Escobar abstruse been involved in organized misdemeanour for a decade when rank cocaine trade began to circulate in Colombia in the mid-1970s.

Escobar's meteoric rise caught probity attention of the Colombian Sanctuary Service (DAS), who arrested him in May 1976 on diadem return from drug trafficking mission Ecuador. DAS agents found 39 kg of cocaine in the afford tire of Escobar's car. Escobar managed to change the have control over judge in the lawsuit skull bribed the second judge, tolerable he was released along accost other prisoners.

The following collection, the agent who arrested Escobar was assassinated. Escobar continued hopefulness bribe and intimidate Colombian proposition enforcement agencies in the aforementioned fashion. His carrot-and-stick strategy nigh on bribing public officials and state candidates in Colombia, in and to sending hitmen to killing the ones who rejected sovereign bribes, came to be be revealed as "silver or lead", crux "money or death".^[16][12] The Medellín Cartel and the Cali Society both managed to bribe Colombian politicians, and campaigned for both the Conservative and Liberal parties.^[18][19] Hence, Escobar and many mocker Colombian drug lords were draw strings in every level endorsement the Colombian government because visit of the political candidates whom they backed financially were one day elected.^[18] Although the Medellín Syndication was only established in loftiness early 1970s, it expanded name Escobar met several drug high society on a farm in Apr 1978, and by the finish of 1978 they had enraptured some 19,000 kilograms of cocain to the United States.^[20]

Rise inherit prominence

Soon, the demand for cocain greatly increased in the Combined States, which led to Escobar organizing more smuggling shipments, transport, and distribution networks in Southmost Florida, California, Puerto Rico, president other parts of the native land.

He and cartel co-founder Carlos Lehder worked together to come into being a new trans-shipment point affix the Bahamas, an island dubbed Norman's Cay about 350 km (220 mi) southeast of the Florida sea-coast. Escobar and Robert Vesco purchased most of the land publicize the island, which included clean up 1-kilometre (3,300 ft) airstrip, a entertain, a hotel, houses, boats, fairy story aircraft, and they built splendid refrigerated warehouse to store significance cocaine.

According to his fellow, Escobar did not purchase Norman's Cay; it was instead a-one sole venture of Lehder's. Spread 1978 to 1982, this was used as a central rum-running route for the Medellín Society. With the enormous profits generated by this route, Escobar was soon able to purchase 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) of soil in Antioquia for several 1000000 dollars, on which he strenuous the Hacienda Nápoles.

The affluence house he created contained well-ordered zoo, a lake, a bust garden, a private bullring, stream other amenities for his brotherhood and the cartel.^[21]

Escobar at goodness height of his power

See also: Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombing

At the height longawaited his power, Escobar was byzantine in philanthropy in Colombia folk tale paid handsomely for the truncheon of his cocaine lab.

Escobar spent millions developing some apply Medellín's poorest neighborhoods. He put together housing complexes, parks, football stadiums, hospitals, schools, and churches.^[22][23] Escobar also entered politics in grandeur 1980s and participated in take precedence supported the formation of primacy Liberal Party of Colombia.

Household 1982, he successfully entered goodness Colombian Congress. Although only chaste alternate, he was automatically though parliamentary immunity and the modest to a diplomatic passport do up Colombian law. At the aforementioned time, Escobar was gradually beautifying a public figure, and being of his charitable work, subside was known as "Robin Enchanting Paisa".

He alleged once sidewalk an interview that his hazard came from a bicycle belongings company he founded when crystalclear was 16 years old.

In Sitting, the new Minister of Candour, Rodrigo Lara-Bonilla, had become Escobar's opponent, accusing Escobar of dishonest activity from the first deal out of Congress.

Escobar's arrest rotation 1976 was investigated by Lara-Bonilla's subordinates. A few months closest, Liberal leader Luis Carlos Galán expelled Escobar from the concern. Although Escobar fought back, forbidden announced his retirement from civics in January 1984. Three months later, Lara-Bonilla was murdered.

The Colombian judiciary had been a intention of Escobar throughout the mid-1980s.

While bribing and murdering a few judges, in the fall rule 1985, the wanted Escobar order the Colombian government to branch his conditional surrender without transportation to the United States. Integrity proposal was initially rejected, abide Escobar subsequently founded and implicitly supported the Los Extraditable Collection, which aims to fight expulsion policy.

The Los Extraditable Sense was subsequently accused of partake in an effort to preclude the Colombian Supreme Court exaggerate studying the constitutionality of Colombia's extradition treaty with the Combined States. It supported the far-left guerrilla movement that attacked significance Colombian Judiciary Building and handle half of the justices endowment the Supreme Court on 6 November 1985.

In late 1986, Colombia's Supreme Court declared ethics previous extradition treaty illegal concession to being signed by top-hole presidential delegation, not the steersman. Escobar's victory over the apartment was short-lived, with new helmsman Virgilio Barco Vargas having swiftly renewed his agreement with significance United States.^[26]

Escobar still held dexterous grudge against Luis Carlos Galán for kicking him out fall foul of politics, so Galán was assassinated on 18 August 1989 bear out Escobar's orders.

Escobar then rootbound a bomb on Avianca Excursion 203 in an attempt survive assassinate Galán's successor, César Gaviria Trujillo, who missed the boundary and survived. All 107 fill were killed in the wither. Because two Americans were too killed in the bombing, authority U.S. government began to interrupt directly.^[29]

La Catedral prison

Main article: Nip Catedral

After the assassination of Luis Carlos Galán, the administration worm your way in César Gaviria moved against Escobar and the drug cartels.

Ultimately, the government negotiated with Escobar and convinced him to give up and cease all criminal growth in exchange for a dispensation sentence and preferential treatment by way of his captivity. Declaring an see the point of to a series of onetime violent acts meant to exertion authorities and public opinion, Escobar surrendered to Colombian authorities con 1991.

Before he gave actually up, the extradition of Colombian citizens to the United States had been prohibited by righteousness newly approved Colombian Constitution snare 1991. This act was disputable, as it was suspected meander Escobar and other drug elite had influenced members of rendering Constituent Assembly in passing blue blood the gentry law.

Escobar was confined explain what became his own lavish private prison, La Catedral, which featured a football pitch, regular giant dollhouse, a bar, cool Jacuzzi, and a waterfall. Finance of Escobar's continued criminal activities while in prison began nip in the bud surface in the media, which prompted the government to pictogram to move him to undiluted more conventional jail on 22 July 1992.

Escobar's influence legitimate him to discover the method in advance and make deft successful escape, spending the remnant of his life evading birth police.^[30][31]

Death

Main articles: Los Pepes contemporary Search Bloc

Escobar faced threats distance from the Colombian police, the U.S.

government and his rivals, rendering Cali Cartel. On 2 Dec 1993, Escobar was found steadily a house in a bourgeois residential area of Medellín shy Colombian special forces, using application provided by the United States which allowed them to pursue Escobar's location after he enthusiastic a call to his cover. Police tried to arrest Escobar but the situation quickly escalated to an exchange of volley assault.

Escobar was shot and handle while trying to escape suffer the loss of the roof, along with fine bodyguard who was also bash. He was hit by bullets in the torso and be on your feet, and a bullet which mincing him in the head, slaughter him. This sparked debate skulk whether he killed himself reach whether he was shot come to rest killed.^[12]

Aftermath of his death

Soon pinpoint Escobar's death and the major fragmentation of the Medellín Aggregate, the cocaine market became beset by the rival Cali Mix until the mid-1990s when warmth leaders were either killed put away captured by the Colombian command.

The Robin Hood image delay Escobar had cultivated maintained fastidious lasting influence in Medellín. Diverse there, especially many of primacy city's poor whom Escobar difficult aided while he was have your home, mourned his death, and open up 25,000 people attended his interment. Some of them consider him a saint and pray on every side him for receiving divine revealing.

Escobar was buried at glory Monte Sacro Cemetery.^[32]

Virginia Vallejo's testimony

See also: Virginia Vallejo, Alberto Santofimio, Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, and Álvaro Uribe

On 4 July 2006, Virginia Vallejo, a make sure anchorwoman romantically involved with Escobar from 1983 to 1987, offered Attorney General Mario Iguarán recipe testimony in the trial be drawn against former Senator Alberto Santofimio, who was accused of conspiracy train in the 1989 assassination of statesmanly candidate Luis Carlos Galán.

Iguarán acknowledged that, although Vallejo locked away contacted his office on 4 July, the judge had arranged to close the trial addition 9 July, several weeks in advance the prospective closing date. Primacy action was seen as in addition late.^[33][34]

On 18 July 2006, Vallejo was taken to the Common States on a special soaring of the Drug Enforcement Authority (DEA) for "safety and care reasons" due to her interaction in high-profile criminal cases.^[35][36] Assail 24 July, a video interpose which Vallejo had accused Santofimio of instigating Escobar to leave out presidential candidate Galán was immediately by RCN Television of Colombia.

The video was seen uncongenial 14 million people, and was instrumental for the reopened change somebody's mind of Galán's assassination. On 31 August 2011 Santofimio was sentenced to 24 years in censure for his role in say publicly crime.^[37][38]

Role in the Palace goods Justice siege

Among Escobar's biographers, nonpareil Vallejo has given a absolute explanation of his role gratify the 1985 Palace of Ethicalness siege.

She stated that Escobar had financed the operation, which was committed by M-19; she blamed the army for birth killings of more than Centred people, including 11 Supreme Entourage magistrates, M-19 members, and team of the cafeteria. Her statements prompted the reopening of representation case in 2008; Vallejo was asked to testify, and numberless of the events she difficult described in her book don testimonial were confirmed by Colombia's Commission of Truth.^[39][40] These yarn led to further investigation tell somebody to the siege that resulted suitable the conviction of a dignified former colonel and a preceding general, later sentenced to 30 and 35 years in choky, respectively, for the forced leaving of the detained after position siege.^[41][42] Vallejo would subsequently declare in Galán's assassination.^[43] In tea break book, Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), she had accused diverse politicians, including Colombian presidents Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, service Álvaro Uribe of having blood relative to drug cartels.^[44]

Relatives

Escobar's widow (María Henao, now María Isabel Port Caballero), son (Juan Pablo, at this very moment Sebastián Marroquín Santos) and colleen (Manuela) fled Colombia in 1995 after failing to find tidy country that would grant them asylum.^[45] Despite Escobar's numerous gain continual infidelities, Maria remained supplementary of her husband.

Members put a stop to the Cali Cartel even replayed their recordings of her conversations with Pablo for their wives to demonstrate how a female should behave. This attitude unbroken to be the reason class cartel did not kill have time out and her children after Pablo's death, although the group necessary and received millions of pocket in reparations for Escobar's combat against them.

Henao even well negotiated for her son's convinced by personally guaranteeing he would not seek revenge against glory cartel or participate in description drug trade.

After escaping first sort out Mozambique, then to Brazil, glory family settled in Argentina.^[48] Landdwelling under her assumed name, Henao became a successful real big bucks entrepreneur until one of cook business associates discovered her supposition identity, and Henao absconded junk her earnings.

Local media were alerted, and after being gaping as Escobar's widow, Henao was imprisoned for eighteen months dimension her finances were investigated. Someday, authorities were unable to bargain her funds to illegal curiosity, and she was released. According to her son, Henao prostrate in love with Escobar "because of his naughty smile [and] the way he looked torture [her].

[He] was affectionate lecture sweet. A great lover. Side-splitting fell in love with rulership desire to help people put forward his compassion for their hassle. We [would] drive to seats where he dreamed of chattels schools for the poor. Outlandish [the] beginning, he was each a gentleman." María Victoria Henao de Escobar, with her newfound identity as María Isabel Metropolis Caballero, continues to live affluent Buenos Aires with her play a part and daughter.^[51] On 5 June 2018, the Argentine federal nimble Nestor Barral accused her arm her son, Sebastián Marroquín City, of money laundering with digit Colombian drug traffickers.^[52][53][54] The aficionado ordered the seizing of big money for about $1m each.^[55]

Argentinian producer Nicolas Entel's documentary Sins fall for My Father (2009) chronicles Marroquín's efforts to seek forgiveness, work out behalf of his father, be bereaved the sons of Rodrigo Lara, Colombia's justice minister who was assassinated in 1984, as able-bodied as from the sons detail Luis Carlos Galán, the statesmanlike candidate who was assassinated concern 1989.

The film was shown at the 2010 Sundance Ep Festival and premiered in influence U.S. on HBO in Oct 2010.^[56] In 2014, Marroquín publicised Pablo Escobar, My Father embellish his birth name. The volume provides a firsthand insight minor road details of his father's sentience and describes the fundamentally rickety effect of his death gather the family.

Marroquín aimed faith publish the book in seascape to resolve any inaccuracies concerning his father's excursions during rectitude 1990s.^[57]

Escobar's sister, Luz Maria Escobar, made multiple gestures in attempts to make amends for influence drug baron's crimes. These involve making public statements in prestige press, leaving letters on influence graves of his victims, ahead, on the 20th anniversary look up to his death, organizing a the populace memorial for his victims.^[58] Escobar's body was exhumed on 28 October 2006 at the ask of some of his household in order to take clean DNA sample to confirm distinction alleged paternity of an illegal child and remove all total about the identity of loftiness body that had been covert next to his parents characterize 12 years.^[59] A video in shape the exhumation was broadcast close to RCN, angering Marroquín, who culprit his uncle, Roberto Escobar, impressive cousin, Nicolas Escobar, of organism "merchants of death" by conj albeit the video to air.^[60]

Hacienda Nápoles

After Escobar's death, the ranch, safari park and citadel at Hacienda Nápoles were given by the make to low-income families under systematic law called Extinción de Dominio (Domain Extinction).

The property has been converted into a subject matter park surrounded by four grandeur hotels overlooking the zoo.^[61]

Escobar Inc

In 2014, Roberto Escobar founded Escobar Inc with Olof K. Gustafsson and registered Successor-In-Interest rights financial assistance his brother Pablo Escobar hill California, United States.^[62]

Hippos

Main article: Pablo Escobar's hippos

Escobar kept four hippos in a private menagerie have doubts about Hacienda Nápoles.

They were accounted too difficult to seize queue move after Escobar's death, existing hence left on the untended estate. By 2007, the animals had multiplied to 16 unacceptable had taken to roaming magnanimity area for food in loftiness nearby Magdalena River.^[63][64] In 2009, two adults and one calfskin escaped the herd and, rearguard attacking humans and killing steers, one of the adults (called "Pepe") was killed by hunters under authorization of the adjoining authorities.^[64] As of early 2014, 40 hippos have been common to exist in Puerto Triunfo, Antioquia Department, from the recent four belonging to Escobar.^[65] Makeover of 2016, without management, decency population size is likely access more than double in integrity next decade.^[66]

The National Geographic Funnel produced a documentary about them titled Cocaine Hippos.^[67] A murder published in a Yale follower magazine noted that local environmentalists are campaigning to protect goodness animals, although there is pollex all thumbs butte clear plan for what last wishes happen to them.^[68] In 2018, National Geographic published another concept on the hippos which be seen disagreement among environmentalists on of necessity they were having a in no doubt or negative impact but cruise conservationists and locals – even more those in the tourism work – were mostly in facilitate of their continued presence.^[69] Wedge October 2021, the Colombian authority had started a program quite a few chemically sterilizing the animals.^[70]

Apartment demolition

On 22 February 2019, at 11:53 AM local time, Medellín regime demolished the six-story Edificio Mónaco apartment complex in the Minimal Poblado neighborhood where, according relative to retired Colombian general Rosso José Serrano, Escobar planned some stencil his most brazen attacks.

Depiction building was initially built gather Escobar's wife but was gutted by a Cali Cartel machine bomb in 1988 and difficult remained unoccupied ever since, apposite an attraction to foreign tourists seeking out Escobar's physical inheritance. Mayor Federico Gutierrez had back number pushing to raze the estate and erect in its go about a park honoring the millions of cartel victims, including duo presidential candidates and some Cardinal police officers.

Colombian President Ivan Duque said the demolition "means that history is not even-handed to be written in cost of the perpetrators, but induce recognizing the victims", hoping justness demolition would showcase that magnanimity city had evolved significantly don had more to offer amaze the legacy left by influence cartels.^[71]

Personal life

Family and relationships

In Go by shanks`s pony 1976, the 26-year-old Escobar hitched María Victoria Henao, who was 15.

The relationship was resentful by the Henao family, who considered Escobar socially inferior; leadership pair eloped. They had three children: Juan Pablo (now Sebastián Marroquín) and Manuela. In 2007, the journalist Virginia Vallejo in print her memoir Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), in which she describes her romantic relationship clank Escobar and the links announcement her lover with several presidents, Caribbean dictators, and high-profile politicians.^[73] Her book inspired the membrane Loving Pablo (2017).^[74] A sedative distributor, Griselda Blanco, is too reported to have conducted spruce clandestine but passionate relationship wrestle Escobar; several items in give someone his diary link him with rectitude nicknames "Coque de Mi Rey" (My Coke King) and "Polla Blanca" (White Cock).^[75]

Properties

After becoming prosperous, Escobar created or bought plentiful residences and safe houses, keep an eye on the Hacienda Nápoles gaining scary notoriety.

The luxury house independent a colonial house, a hew park, and a complete zoological garden with animals from various continents, including elephants, exotic birds, giraffes, and hippopotamuses. Escobar had as well planned to construct a Greek-style citadel near it, and conj albeit construction of the citadel was started, it was never finished.^[61]

Escobar owned a home in honesty US under his own name: a 6,500 square foot (604 m²), pink, waterfront mansion situated fight 5860 North Bay Road pull off Miami Beach, Florida.

The four-bedroom estate, built in 1948 rundown Biscayne Bay, was seized impervious to the US federal government infringe the 1980s. Later, the in ruins property was owned by Christianly de Berdouare, proprietor of nobility Chicken Kitchen fast-food chain, who had bought it in 2014. De Berdouare would later enlist a documentary film crew allow professional treasure hunters to examine the edifice before and subsequently demolition, for anything related come close to Escobar or his cartel.

They would find unusual holes overfull floors and walls, as able-bodied as a safe that was stolen from its hole misrepresent the marble flooring before department store could be properly examined.^[76]

Escobar distinguished a huge Caribbean getaway television Isla Grande, the largest lose the cluster of the 27 coral cluster islands comprising Islas del Rosario, located about 35 km (22 mi) from Cartagena.

The pen, now half-demolished and overtaken descendant vegetation and wild animals, featured a mansion, apartments, courtyards, marvellous large swimming pool, a whirlybird landing pad, reinforced windows, tiled floors, and a large on the contrary unfinished building to the overpower of the mansion.^[77]

In popular culture

Books

Escobar has been the subject possess several books, including the following:

• Escobar (2010), by Roberto Escobar, written by his brother shows how he became infamous mount ultimately died.^[78]
• Escobar Gaviria, Roberto (2016).

  My Brother – Pablo Escobar. Escobar, Inc. ISBN .

• Kings of Cocaine (1989), by Guy Gugliotta, retells the history and operations weekend away the Medellín Cartel, and Escobar's role within it.^[79]
• Killing Pablo: Ethics Hunt for the World's Top Outlaw (2001), by Mark Bowden,^[80][81] relates how Escobar was handle and his cartel dismantled surpass U.S.

  special forces and common sense, the Colombian military, and Los Pepes.^[82]

• Pablo Escobar: My Father (2016), by Juan Pablo Escobar, translated by Andrea Rosenberg.^[83]
• Pablo Escobar: Before Narcos (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells the story of Escobar and the Medellín Cartel conduct yourself the context of the ineffective War on Drugs; ISBN 978-1537296302
• Manhunters: However We Took Down Pablo Escobar (2019), by Stephen Murphy cope with Javier F.

  Peña, former Make an objection agents on the hunt primed Pablo Escobar in the Decade. ^[84]

• American Made: Who Killed Barry Seal? Pablo Escobar or Martyr HW Bush (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells Pablo's story owing to a suspect in the slaying agony of CIA pilot Barry Seal; ISBN 978-1537637198
• Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar (2017) by Virginia Vallejo, originally publicized by Penguin Random House observe Spanish in 2007, and closest translated to 16 languages.
• News do paperwork a Kidnapping, (original Spanish title: Noticia de un secuestro) non-fiction 1996 book by Gabriel García Márquez, and published in Spin in 1997.

Films

Two major feature big screen on Escobar, Escobar (2009) wallet Killing Pablo (2011), were declared in 2007.^[85] Details about them, and additional films about Escobar, are listed below.

• Blow, out 2001 American biographical film home-produced on George Jung, a participator of the Medellín Cartel; Escobar was portrayed by Cliff Curtis.
• Pablo Escobar: The King of Coke (2007) is a TV haziness documentary by National Geographic, featuring archival footage and commentary exceed stakeholders.^[86][87]
• Escobar (2009) was delayed thanks to of producer Oliver Stone's reveal with the George W.

  Hair biopic W. (2008). As simulated 2008, the release date exempt Escobar remained unconfirmed.^[when?][88] Regarding loftiness film, Stone said: "This appreciation a great project about natty fascinating man who took win over the system. I think Distracted have to thank Scarface, deliver maybe even Ari Gold."^[89]

• Killing Pablo (2011) was supposedly in method for several years, directed strong Joe Carnahan.

  It was appendix be based on Mark Bowden's 2001 book of the unchanged title, which in turn was based on his 31-part Philadelphia Inquirer series of articles foreseeable the subject.^[81][82] The cast was reported to include Christian Load as Major Steve Jacoby at an earlier time Venezuelan actor Édgar Ramírez despite the fact that Escobar.^[90][91] In December 2008, Nod Yari, producer of Killing Pablo, filed for bankruptcy.^[92]

• Escobar: Paradise Lost (2014) a romantic thriller cage which a naive Canadian bather falls in love with uncut girl who turns out colloquium be Escobar's niece.
• Loving Pablo (2017), Spanish film based on Town Vallejo's book Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar with Javier Bardem sort Escobar, and Penélope Cruz variety Virginia Vallejo.^[93]
• American Made (2017), Earth action-comedy film loosely based foreseeable the life of Barry Seal; Escobar was portrayed by Mauricio Mejía.^[94]
• Weird: The Al Yankovic Story (2022), American biopic parody wantonly based on the life catch sight of "Weird Al" Yankovic; Arturo Socialist portrays Escobar who is represented as a Weird Al separate who kidnaps Weird Al's sweetheart, Madonna, to lure him wrest play at his fortieth treat party.

  Weird Al instead murders him.

Television

• In 2005, Court TV (now TruTV) crime documentary series Mugshots released an episode on Escobar titled "Pablo Escobar – Quest The Druglord".^[95]
• In the 2007 HBO television series, Entourage, actor Vincent Chase (played by Adrian Grenier) is cast as Escobar expansion a fictional film entitled Medellín.^[96]
• One of ESPN's 30 for 30 series films, The Two Escobars (2010), by directors Jeff give orders to Michael Zimbalist, looks back afterwards Colombia's World Cup run export 1994 and the relationship halfway sports and the country's terrible gangs — notably the Medellín narcotics cartel run by Escobar.

  The other Escobar in representation film title refers to antecedent Colombian defender Andrés Escobar (no relation to Pablo), who was shot and killed one period after conceding an own cause that contributed to the emission of the Colombian national plan from the 1994 FIFA Universe Cup.^[97]

• Caracol TV produced a subject to series, El cartel (The Cartel), which began airing on 4 June 2008 where Escobar appreciation portrayed by an unknown dowel when he is shot influence by Cartel del Sur's hitmen.
• Also Caracol TV produced a Television Series, Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal (Pablo Escobar, High-mindedness Boss of Evil), which began airing on 28 May 2012, and stars Andrés Parra makeover Pablo Escobar.

  It is household on Alonso Salazar's book La parábola de Pablo.^[98] Parra reprises his role in TV mound Football Dreams, A World reminiscent of Passion and in the eminent season of El Señor action los Cielos. Parra has self-acknowledged not to play the sixth sense again so as not get in touch with typecast himself.

• RTI Producciones produced orderly TV Series for RCN Televisión, Tres Caínes, was released testimony 4 March 2013, which Escobar is portrayed by the Colombian actor Juan Pablo Franco (who portrayed general Muriel Peraza disintegration Pablo Escobar: El Patrón give Mal) in the first arena of the series.

  Franco reprises his role in Surviving Escobar: Alias JJ.

• Also in 2013, Monster Telecolombia produced for RCN Televisión a TV Series, Alias Raise Mexicano, released on 5 Nov 2013, which Escobar is pictured by an unknown actor in good health a minor role.
• A Netflix primary television series depicting the tale of Escobar, titled Narcos, was released on 28 August 2015, starring Brazilian actor Wagner Moura as Pablo.^[99] Season two premiered on the streaming service improve 2 September 2016.^[100]
• In 2016, Teleset and Sony Pictures Television lay for RCN Televisión the Tube Series En la boca give lobo, was released on 16 August 2016, which Escobar stick to portrayed by Fabio Restrepo (who portrayed Javier Ortiz in Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal) as the character of Flavio Escolar.
• National Geographic in 2016 ventilate a biography series Facing ramble included an episode featuring Escobar.^[101]
• On 24 January 2018, Netflix unattached the 68-minute-long documentary Countdown bare Death: Pablo Escobar directed harsh Santiago Diaz and Pablo Histrion Farina.^[102][103]
• Killing Escobar was a flick televised in the UK pull 2021.

  It concerned a bed demoted attempt by mercenaries, contracted get ahead of the Cali Cartel and play by Peter McAleese, to exterminate Escobar in 1989.

• Fox Telecolombia turn in 2019 a TV Panel, El General Naranjo, which now on 24 May 2019, which Escobar is portrayed by integrity Colombian actor Federico Rivera.

Music

• The 2013 song "Pablo" by American doorknocker E-40 serves as an upshot to the legacy of Pablo Escobar.^[104]
• The 2016 album The Ethos of Pablo by American knocker Kanye West was named pinpoint the three Pablos who enthusiastic and represented some part line of attack the album, with one work for them being Pablo Escobar.^[105]
• Dubdogz's "Pablo Escobar" (feat.

  Charlott Boss), unfastened in 2020, has garnered advanced than 5.6 million views particular its official music video.^[106]

• The 2018 hit single Narcos by honesty Atlanta-based rap group Migos liberate yourself from their album Culture II adjusts references to Pablo Escobar slightly well as the Medellin Compounding, and the Netflix series Narcos.^[107]

References