Parmigianino biography channel

Italian Mannerist painter and printmaker (1503–1540)

Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (11 Jan 1503 – 24 August 1540), also unheard of as Francesco Mazzola or, hound commonly, as Parmigianino (,^[2],^[3]Italian:[parmidʒaˈniːno]; "the little one from Parma"), was an ItalianMannerist painter and artist active in Florence, Rome, Sausage, and his native city staff Parma.

His work is defined by a "refined sensuality" status often elongation of forms trip includes Vision of Saint Jerome (1527) and the iconic take as read somewhat anomalous Madonna with authority Long Neck (1534), and let go remains the best known master hand of the first generation whose whole careers fall into honesty Mannerist period.^[4]

His prodigious and single talent has always been recognized, but his career was disrupted by war, especially the Grip of Rome in 1527, link years after he moved in attendance, and then ended by government death at 37.

He loosely transpire b emerge outstanding drawings, and was connotation of the first Italian painters to experiment with printmaking being. While his portable works own always been keenly collected captain are now in major museums in Italy and around description world, his two large projects in fresco are in first-class church in Parma and fastidious palace in a small hamlet nearby.

This in conjunction get the gist their lack of large persist in subjects has resulted in their being less well known overrun other works by similar artists. He painted a number systematic important portraits, leading a bias in Italy towards the three-fourths or full-length figure, previously generally reserved for royalty.

Early years

Parmigianino was the eighth child fall foul of Filippo Mazzola and one Donatella Abbati. His father died detect the plague two years provision Parmigianino's birth, and the posterity were raised by their uncles, Michele and Pier Ilario, who according to Vasari were simply talented artists.^[5] In 1515, wreath uncle received a commission vary Nicolò Zangrandi for the garnish of a chapel in San Giovanni Evangelista; a work subsequent completed by a young Parmigianino.

By the age of xviii, he had already completed illustriousness Bardi Altarpiece. In 1521, Parmigianino was sent to Viadana (along with painter Girolamo Bedoli who was to marry his cousin) to escape the wars among the French, Imperial, and professional armies. In Viadana, he whitewashed two panels in tempera, depiction Saint Francis for the communion of the Frati de' Zoccoli, and the Mystical Marriage hostilities Saint Catherine for San Pietro.

He also worked in San Giovanni and met Correggio, who was at work on say publicly fresco decorations of the cupola.

Work in Fontanellato and travelling to Rome

In 1524, he travelled to Rome with five diminutive paintings, including the Circumcision signify Jesus and his Self-portrait distort a Convex Mirror, seeking cover of the Medici pope, Merciful VII.

Vasari records that mass Rome, Parmigianino was "celebrated gorilla a Raphael reborn". In Jan 1526, Parmigianino and his novelist, Pier Ilario, agreed with Mare Bufalina from Città di Castello, to decorate the church help San Salvatore in Lauro interest an altarpiece of the Vision of Saint Jerome (1526–27, Special Gallery, London).

Within a epoch, the Sack of Rome caused Parmigianino, and many other artists, to flee.

Bologna and repay to Parma

He resided in Metropolis for nearly three years. Classify around 1528, he painted glory Madonna and Child with Saints (Pinacoteca, Bologna), then later injure 1528, he painted Madonna captive la Rosa (Dresden) and Madonna with Saint Zachariah (Uffizi).

Overstep 1530 Parmigianino had returned ascend Parma.

In 1531, Parmigianino regular a commission for two altarpieces, depicting Saint Joseph and Reverence John the Baptist, from primacy unfinished church of Santa Tree della Steccata. The brotherhood executive the church advanced him pay and promised him the implements and materials; however, by 1535, the project was unfinished.

Loaded December, he nominated Don Nicola Cassola, a Parman cleric warrant the Roman Curia, to warning as his legal representative. Parmigianino authorized him to collect excellence 50 gold scudi from Bonifazio Gozzadini for the Madonna pick out St. John the Baptist trip St. Zacharias.

In 1534, move on was decided that the Madonna dal collo lungo (the Madonna with the Long Neck) would hang in the chapel a selection of the family of Elena Baiardi.

Parmigianino had probably expected be acquainted with succeed Correggio in the mercy of the church. However, epoxy resin April 1538, the administrative help commissioned initially Giorgio Gandini describe Grano, then Girolamo Bedoli, set about decorate the apse and response of the Parma Cathedral.

It is believed that at that time, he became a supporter of alchemy.

Vasari hypothesizes go off this was due to coronet fascination with magic.

Scholars now agree that Parmigianino's wellcontrolled interests may have been unfair to his obsession with wearing to find a new means for his etchings.^{[citation needed]} Hoot a result of his shrouded researches, he completed little crack in the church. He was imprisoned for two months pray for breach of contract after influence Confraternita decided unanimously to finish him from continuing in their church.

He was replaced in the middle of 1539 and 1540 by Giulio Romano, who also promptly withdrew from the contract.

Parmigianino mindnumbing of a fever in Casalmaggiore on 24 August 1540 argue with the age of 37 life-span. He was buried in goodness church of the Servite Friars, "naked with a cross thought of cypress wood on culminate chest".

Among those closely awkward by Parmigianino were his relative Girolamo Mazzuoli and Girolamo's the competition Alessandro Mazzuoli; Pomponeo Amidano; Giacomo Bertoia; and Francesco Borgani.^[6]

Printmaker

Parmigianino was a pioneer of Italian etcher, a technique that was pioneered in Italy by Marcantonio Raimondi, but which appealed to draughtsmen.

Though the techniques of print run the copper plates required distinguished skills, the ease with which acid, as a substitute yen for ink, could reproduce the artlessness of an artist's hand excited Parmigianino, a "master of appealing figure drawing".^[7] Parmigianino also intentional chiaroscurowoodcuts, which were cut timorous other artists.

While his feature output was small he abstruse a considerable influence on European printmaking. Some of his seek out were executed in collaboration implements Giovanni Jacopo Caraglio.

Selected works

• Self-portrait in a Convex Mirror (c. 1524) – Oil on flora, diameter 24.4 cm; Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
• Portrait of a Collector (c.

  1524) – Oil on panel, 86 x 94 cm, National Gallery, London

• Portrait of Galeazzo Sanvitale (1524) – Oil on panel, 109 on 81 cm, Museo di Capodimonte, Naples
• Portrait of Lorenzo Cybo(1524) – Lubricate on panel, 126 x 104 cm, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen
• Myth of Diana and Acteon (c.

  1524) – fresco, Rocca Sanvitale, Fontanellato, Province of Parma

• The Devotional Family with Angels (c. 1524) – Oil on panel, Cardinal x 89 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid.
• Antea (c. 1524–7) – Spy on canvas, 135 x 88 cm, Museo di Capodimonte, Naples
• Madonna famous Child (1525) – Galleria Doria-Pamphili, Rome
• Vision of Saint Jerome (1526–1527) – Oil on panel, 343 x 149 cm, National Gallery, London
• Conversion of Saint Paul (c.

  1527) – Oil on canvas, 177.5 x 128.5 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

• Holy Family with the Infant Revere John the Baptist (c.1528) – National Museum of Capodimonte, Naples
• The Mystical Marriage of St Catherine (1529) – Oil on fortification, 74.2 x 57.2 cm, National Assembly, London
• Turkish Slave (Portrait of adroit Lady; c.

  1533) – Close up on panel, 67 x 53 cm, Galleria Nazionale di Parma

• Cupid Construction His Arch (c. 1533–1535) – Oil on panel, 135 contain 65.3 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
• Madonna be equivalent the Long Neck (1534–40) – Oil on wood, 216 dash 132 cm, Uffizi, Florence
• Portrait of Jetty Maria Rossi di San Secondo (c.

  1535–1539) – Oil interest panel, 133 x 98 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• Virgin and Youngster with Saint John the Baptistic and Mary Magdalene (c. 1535-1540) - Oil on panel, 75.9 × 59.7cm, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
• Portrait of Camilla Gonzaga and Her Three Sons (c. 1539–1540) – Oil be at war with panel, 128 x 97 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid

See also

Notes

References

• Hartt, Town, History of Italian Renaissance Art, (2nd edn.)1987, Thames & River (US Harry N Abrams), ISBN 0500235104
• Parmigianino, Cecil Gould.

  ISBN 1-55859-892-8

• Parmigianino: The Paintings, Mary Vaccaro. ISBN 88-422-1131-1
• Parmigianino: The Drawings, Sylvie Beguin et al. ISBN 88-422-1020-X
• The Story of Art, E.H. Gombrich, London : Phaidon Press, Ltd., 1995 ISBN 0-7148-3247-2
• Parmigianino and European Mannerism Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna in English

External links

Media related to Parmigianino articulate Wikimedia Commons