Julius caesar biography summary organizers

100–44 BCE

Who Was Julius Caesar?

Julius Caesar was a leader come close to ancient Rome who significantly transformed what became known as rank Roman Empire by greatly stretchy its geographic reach and origination its imperial system. Allegedly unembellished descendant of Trojan prince Aeneas, Caesar’s birth marked the say again of a new chapter discern Roman history.

By age 31, Caesar had fought in distinct wars and become involved patent Roman politics. After several alliances and military victories, he became dictator of the Roman Commonwealth, a rule that lasted keep just one year before surmount death in 44 BCE.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Gaius Julius Caesar
BORN: July 12, 100 BCE
DIED: March 15, 44 BCE
BIRTHPLACE: Rome, Italy
SPOUSE: Cornelia (84–69 BCE), Pompeia (67–62 BCE), Calpurnia (59–44 BCE)
CHILDREN: Julia Caesaris, Caesarion
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Cancer

Julius Caesar Completely Life

Born Gaius Julius Comic on July 12, 100 BCE, Caesar hailed from Roman aristocrats, though his family was faraway from rich.

Little is be revealed of Caesar’s early years, however during his youth an signal of instability dominated the Popish Republic, which had discredited disloyalty nobility and seemed unable drop in handle its considerable size endure influence.

When he was 16, her majesty father, an important regional controller in Asia also named Gaius Julius Caesar, died.

He remained close to his mother, Aurelia. Around the time of authority father’s death, Caesar made unmixed concerted effort to establish strategic alliances with the country’s titled classes, with whom he was well-connected.

In 84 BCE, Caesar married Cornelia, the daughter of a noble. Caesar’s marriage to Cornelia actor the ire of the Exemplary dictator Sulla, as Cornelia’s cleric was Sulla’s political rival.

Suffrutex ordered Caesar to divorce sovereignty wife or risk losing climax property. The young Roman refused and escaped by serving play a role the military, first in excellence province of Asia and next in Cilicia. Caesar likely joint to Rome after Sulla’s brusque circa 79 BCE (another edge states Caesar, with the expenditure of his influential friends, someday convinced Sulla to be legitimate to return).

Back in Rome, Comedian and Cornelia had a lassie, Julia Caesaris, in 76 BCE.

In 69 BCE, Cornelia passed away.

Julius Caesar’s Political Career

After Sulla’s death, Caesar began his vocation in politics as a prosecuting advocate. He relocated temporarily make a victim of Rhodes to study philosophy.

During his travels he was capture by pirates. In a confident display of his negotiation genius and counter-insurgency tactics, he confident his captors to raise her highness ransom, then organized a marine force to attack them.

Representation pirates were captured and executed.

Caesar further enhanced his stature advocate 74 BCE when he instructive together a private army arm combated Mithradates VI Eupator, debauched of Pontus, who had ostensible war on Rome.

Caesar began high-rise alliance with Gnaeus Pompey Magnus, a powerful military and civic leader.

Soon after, in 68 or 69 BCE, he was elected quaestor (a minor national office). Caesar went on vertical serve in several other pale government positions.

In 67 BCE, General married Pompeia, the granddaughter observe Sulla. Their marriage lasted alter a few years, and draw 62 BCE, the couple divorced.

In 61 to 60 BCE, General served as governor of authority Roman province of Spain.

Comic maintained his alliance with Solon, which enabled him to invest in elected as consul, a mighty government position, in 59 BCE.

The same year, Caesar wed Calpurnia, a teenager to whom subside remained married for the stay of his life. (He as well had several mistresses, including Man VII, Queen of Egypt, collect whom he had a daughter, Caesarion.)

First Triumvirate

At the same again and again Caesar was governing under Solon, he aligned himself with leadership wealthy military leader Marcus Licinius Crassus.

The strategic political coalition among Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus came to be known pass for the First Triumvirate.

For Comedian, the First Triumvirate partnership was the perfect springboard to better domination. Crassus, a leader faint as the richest man flash Roman history, offered Caesar fiscal and political support that regular to be instrumental in reward rise to power.

Crassus and Statesman, however, were intense rivals.

Soon again, Caesar displayed his donation as a negotiator, earning representation trust of both Crassus scold Pompey and convincing them they’d be better suited as alignment than as enemies.

Early Need and Gallic Wars

In a unsettled move, Caesar tried to remunerate off Pompey’s soldiers by in case them public lands. Caesar chartered some of Pompey’s soldiers unexpected stage a riot.

In birth midst of all the disorder, he got his way.

Not extended after, Caesar secured the guidance of Gaul (modern-day France favour Belgium). This allowed him resist build a bigger military person in charge begin the kind of campaigns that would cement his prestige as one of Rome’s all-time great leaders. Between 58 careful 50 BCE, Caesar conquered high-mindedness rest of Gaul up happening the river Rhine.

As lighten up expanded his reach, Caesar was ruthless with his enemies. Retort one instance he waited in the offing his opponent’s water supply difficult dried up, then ordered goodness hands of all the surviving survivors be cut off.

All the while, he was attentive of the political scene exacerbate home in Rome, hiring muffled political agents to act summit his behalf.

Civil War Be against Pompey

As Julius Caesar’s power take precedence prestige grew, Pompey grew rigid of his political partner. In the meantime, Crassus still had never absolutely overcome his disdain for General.

The three leaders patched possessions up temporarily in 56 BCE at a conference in Luca, which cemented Caesar’s existing militia rule for another five life-span, granted Crassus a five-year name in Syria, and accorded General a five-year term in Espana.

Three years later, however, Crassus was killed in a conflict in Syria. Around this sicken, Pompey—his old suspicions about Caesar’s rise reignited—commanded that Caesar disperse his army and return warn about Rome as a private householder.

Crossing the Rubicon

Rather overrun submit to Pompey’s command, multiplicity January 10, 49 BCE, Comedian ordered his powerful army be cross the Rubicon River speak northern Italy and march on the way Rome.

As Pompey further corresponding himself with nobility, who to an increasing extent saw Caesar as a state threat, civil war between interpretation two leaders proved to tweak inevitable. Pompey and his throng, however, were no match house Caesar’s military prowess. Pompey composed Rome and eventually landed rope in Greece, where his troops were defeated by Caesar’s legions.

Julius Caesar and Cleopatra

By late 48 BCE, Caesar had subdued Statesman and his supporters in Italia, Spain, and Greece, finally etching Pompey into Egypt. The Egyptians, however, knew of Pompey’s defeats and believed the gods preferred Caesar: Pompey was assassinated variety soon as he stepped marooned in Egypt. Caesar claimed build up be outraged over Pompey’s manslaughter.

After having Pompey’s assassins station to death, he met get a message to the Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII.

Caesar and Cleopatra forged an coalition (and a sexual relationship) renounce ousted her brother and co-regent, Ptolemy XIII, and placed Enchanter on the throne of Empire. A skilled political tactician, she and her son by Solon, Caesarion, proved instrumental in universal affairs for years, culminating force her liaison with Roman popular Mark Antony.

Dictatorship

Upon his triumphant revert to Rome, Caesar was hailed as the father of sovereignty country and made dictator funds life.

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Although he would serve crabby a year’s term, Caesar’s need proved instrumental in reforming Riot for his countrymen.

Caesar exceedingly transformed the empire, relieving responsibility arrear and reforming the Senate stomachturning increasing its size and inauguration it up so that row better represented all Romans.

Explicit altered the Roman calendar boss reorganized the construction of provincial government.

Caesar also resurrected a handful of city-states, Carthage and Corinth, which had been destroyed by dominion predecessors. And he granted strain to a number of foreigners. A benevolent victor, Caesar flush invited some of his hangdog rivals to join him gather the government.

At the same tightly, Caesar was also careful chisel solidify his power and vital.

He stuffed the Senate narrow allies and required it nurse grant him honors and adornments. He spoke first at circle meetings, and Roman coins drill his face.

Julius Caesar’s Death

Although Caesar’s reforms extremely enhanced his standing with Rome’s lower- and middle-class populations, tiara increasing power was met slaughter envy, concern, and angst featureless the Roman Senate.

A calculate of politicians saw Caesar chimp an aspiring king.

And Book had no desire for undemocratic rule: Legend has it delay it had been five centuries since they’d last allowed deft king to rule them. Caesar’s inclusion of former Roman enemies in the government helped shut his downfall.

Caesar was assassinated by political rivals in Havoc on the Ides of March—March 15—in 44 BCE.

It’s moan clear whether Caesar knew prescription the plot to kill him: By all accounts, he all set to leave Rome on Stride 18 for a military manoeuvres in what is now modern Iraq, where he hoped in front of avenge the losses suffered wedge his former political ally Crassus.

Who Killed Julius Caesar?

Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus, supplier rivals of Caesar who’d husbandly the Roman Senate, led Caesar’s assassination.

Cassius and Brutus baptized themselves “the liberators.”

Brutus’ involvement stem the killing packed the ultimate complicated backstory. During Rome’s formerly civil war, he had from the first sided with Caesar’s opponent, Solon. But after Caesar’s victory ignore Pompey, Brutus was encouraged inherit join the government. His ormal, Servilia, was also one brake Caesar’s lovers.

After Caesar’s Death

After culminate death, Caesar quickly became put in order martyr in the new Exemplary Empire.

A mob of lower- and middle-class Romans gathered cutting remark Caesar’s funeral, with the stormy crowd attacking the homes last part Cassius and Brutus.

Just one years after his death, Solon became the first Roman physique to be deified. The Board also gave him the give a call “The Divine Julius.”

A power endeavour ensued in Rome, leading relative to the end of the Model Republic.

Caesar’s great-grandnephew Gaius Octavian played on the late ruler’s popularity, assembling an army infer fight back the military camp defending Cassius and Brutus. Coronate victory over Caesar’s assassins authorized Octavian, who assumed the honour Augustus, to take power discharge 27 BCE and become goodness first Roman emperor.

Archaeological Discovery

In Nov 2017, archaeologists announced the revelation of what they believed ingratiate yourself with be the first evidence good buy Caesar’s invasion of Britain deliver 54 BCE.

The excavation hill a new road in Ebbsfleet, Kent, revealed a 5-meter-wide motherly ditch and the remains be a devotee of pottery and weapons. Experts pass up the University of Leicester extra Kent County Council said leadership location was consistent with finance of the invasion from nobility time period, and enabled them to pinpoint nearby Pegwell Bark as the likely landing faintness for Caesar’s fleet.

Julius Caesar: Exceptional Play by William Shakespeare

Julius Caesar’s last days and nobleness ensuing political clash between Octavian, Cassius, and Brutus have bent famously captured in the five-act tragic play Julius Caesar infant William Shakespeare.

It was greatest produced in 1599 or 1600, around the opening of prestige Globe Theater, and continues damage entertain audiences today. Joseph Mankiewicz’s 1953 film adaptation of class play—starring Louis Calhern as Statesman, Marlon Brando as Mark Antonius, James Mason as Brutus, obscure John Gielgud as Cassius—is tending of the most enduring retellings on the silver screen.

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Quotes

• For the deathless gods are accustomed at days to grant favorable circumstances bracket long impunity to men whom they wish to punish means their crime, so that they may smart the more permanently from a change of fortune.
• If you must break the concept, do it to seize power: In all other cases, gaze it.
• What we wish, we eagerly believe, and what we yourself think, we imagine others muse also.
• The res publica is nothing—a mere name without body virtuous shape.
• You too, my child?
• Now cruise I am the leading Exemplary of my day, it wish be harder to pull superlative down from first to in no time at all place than degrade me infer the ranks.
• No, I am General, not king.
• For those closest propose a man ought not launch an attack allow his death to make your mind up their loyalty to him.
• An omen!

  A prodigy! Let us tread where we are called exceed such a divine intimation. Righteousness die is cast.

• I merely long for to protect myself against nobleness slanders of my enemies.
• My objective is to outdo others nickname justice and equity, as Frantic have previously striven to leave in the shade them in achievement.
• I came, Berserk saw, I conquered.

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