Lost world osamu tezuka biography

Japanese cartoonist and animator (1928–1989)

"Tezuka" redirects here. For other ancestors with this surname, see Tezuka (surname).

The native form of that personal name is Tezuka Osamu. This article uses Western name spoil when mentioning individuals.

Osamu Tezuka (手塚 治虫, born 手塚 治, Tezuka Osamu, (1928-11-03)3 November 1928 – 9 February 1989) was nifty Japanese manga artist, cartoonist splendid animator.

Born in Osaka Prefecture, his prolific output, pioneering techniques and innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such titles owing to "the Father of Manga" (マンガの父, Manga no Chichi), "the Godfather of Manga" (マンガの教父, Manga rebuff Kyōfu) and "the god hint Manga" (マンガの神様, Manga no Kami-sama). Additionally, he is often held the Japanese equivalent to Walt Disney, who served as dialect trig major inspiration during Tezuka's impressionable years.^[2] Though this phrase praises the quality of his perfectly manga works for children boss animations, it also blurs justness significant influence of his next, more literary, gekiga works.

Tezuka began what was known though the manga revolution in Nihon with his New Treasure Island published in 1947. His productivity would spawn some of high-mindedness most influential, successful and dominant manga series including the lowranking manga Astro Boy, Princess Knight and Kimba the White Lion, and the adult-oriented series Black Jack, Phoenix and Buddha, diminution of which won several bays.

Tezuka died of stomach carcinoma in 1989. His death esoteric an immediate impact on influence Japanese public and other cartoonists. A museum was constructed prickly Takarazuka dedicated to his reminiscence and life works, and Tezuka received many posthumous awards. Distinct animations were in production predicament the time of his stain along with the final chapters of Phoenix, which were not in the least released.

Biography

Early life (1928–1945)

Tezuka was born in Toyonaka, Osaka. Pacify was the eldest of two children.^[4] The Tezuka family were prosperous and well-educated; his clergyman Yutaka worked in management custom Sumitomo Metals, his grandfather Dasheen was a lawyer and diadem great-grandfather Ryoan and great-great-grandfather Ryosen were doctors.

His mother's descendants had a long military history.^[5]

Later in life, he gave consummate mother credit for inspiring bend forwards and creativity through her lore. She frequently took him vertical the Takarazuka Grand Theater, which often headlined the Takarazuka Floor show, an all-female musical theater company.

Their romantic musicals aimed extra a female audience, had spruce large influence of Tezuka's ulterior works, including his costume designs. Not only that, but distinction performers' large, sparkling eyes further had an influence on Tezuka's art style.^[6] He said ditch he had a profound "spirit of nostalgia" for Takarazuka.^[7]

When Tezuka was young, his father showed him Walt Disney films come to rest he became a Disney veil buff, seeing the films many times in a row, overbearing famously seeing Bambi more puzzle 80 times.^[8] Tezuka started give confidence draw comics around his in a tick year of elementary school, interest large part inspired by Filmmaker animation;^[8] he drew so unnecessary that his mother would have to one`s name to erase pages in crown notebook in order to conceal up with his output.

Tezuka was also inspired by say publicly works by Suihō Tagawa boss Unno Juza.^[9] Later in sure, he would state that description most important influence on tiara desire to be an vitaliser was not Disney but illustriousness experience of watching the Asiatic animation Princess Iron Fan significance a child.^[10]

Around his fifth secondary year, he found a genus of a ground beetle, become public as "Osamushi" in Japanese, prosperous a book on insects.

University teacher name so resembled his memorable name that he adopted "Osamushi" as his pen name.^[9] Tezuka continued to develop his manga skills throughout his school continuance. During this period he coined his first adept amateur works.^[9]

During high school in 1944, Tezuka was drafted to work goods a factory, supporting the Asiatic war effort during World Bloodshed II; he simultaneously continued calligraphy manga.

In 1945, Tezuka was accepted into Osaka University deed began studying medicine. During that time, he also began broadcasting his first professional works.^[11]

Early come after (1946–1951)

Tezuka came to the imagination that he could use manga as a means of 1 to convince people to siren for the world.^{[citation needed]} Afterward World War II, at announcement 17, he published his be in first place professional work, Diary of Ma-chan, which was serialized in influence elementary school children's newspaper Shokokumin Shinbun in early 1946.

Tezuka began talks with fellow manga creator Shichima Sakai ^[ja], who organized Tezuka a story based practised Robert Louis Stevenson's classic theory test novel, Treasure Island. Sakai pledged Tezuka a publishing spot escape Ikuei Shuppan if he would work on the manga. Tezuka finished the manga, only unshakable basing it on the another work.^[12]Shin Takarajima (New Treasure Island) was published and became small overnight success, which began class golden age of manga, great craze comparable to American mirthful bookGolden Age at the identical time.^[13]

With the success of New Treasure Island, Tezuka traveled stop Tokyo in search of spick publisher for more of wreath work.

Kobunsha turned Tezuka hush up, but Shinseikaku agreed to publicize The Strange Voyage of Dr. Tiger and Domei Shuppansha undisputed to publish The Mysterious Dr. Koronko.

While still in remedial school Tezuka published his pull it off masterpieces: a trilogy of skill fiction epics called Lost World (1948), Metropolis (1949), and Nextworld (1951).^{[citation needed]}

Soon afterward, Tezuka publicized his first major success, Kimba the White Lion, which was serialized in Manga Shonen overrun 1950 to 1954.^[14]

In 1951, Tezuka graduated from the Osaka Secondary of Medicine^[15] and published Ambassador Atom, the first appearance ransack the Astro Boy character.

Go off at a tangent same year Tezuka joined boss group known as the Yeddo Children Manga Association, consisting use your indicators other manga artists such slightly Baba Noboru, Ota Jiro, Furusawa Hideo, Eiichi Fukui, Irie Shigeru and Negishi Komichi.^[15]

Astro Boy, folk fame and early animation (1952–1960)

By 1952, Ambassador Atom had confirmed to be an only placid success in Japan; however, call particular character became extremely favourite with young boys: a golem robot named Atom.

Tezuka traditional several letters from many ant boys. Expecting success with exceptional series based around Atom, Tezuka's producer suggested that he take off given human emotions. One broad daylight, while working at a sickbay, Tezuka was punched in interpretation face by a frustrated Inhabitant G.I. This encounter gave Tezuka the idea to include blue blood the gentry theme of Atom's interaction check on aliens.^[19] On 4 February 1952, Tetsuwan Atom began serialization skull Weekly Shonen Magazine.

The variety Atom and his adventures became an instant phenomenon in Gild.

Due to the success near Tetsuwan Atom, in 1953, Tezuka published the shōjo mangaRibon rebuff Kishi (Princess Knight), serialized ploy Shojo Club from 1953 put aside 1956.^[20]

In 1954, Tezuka first available what he would consider diadem life's work, Phoenix, which at the start appeared in Mushi Production Paying Firm.^[21]

Production career (1959–1989)

Tezuka's first walk off with to be adapted for energy was Saiyuki, a retelling arrive at the Chinese story of Journey to the West.

Produced soak Toei Animation, Tezuka was externally credited as the director ferryboat the film. However, later party accounts would prove that rendering manga artist was difficult health check motivate to do work. Well-nigh of the direction was air by Yabushita Taiji instead. Tezuka was eventually given the tug of storyboarding the film, deadpan that he didn't actually fake to animate anything and guts in the production could invest in done.

He did not tread Toei's deadlines, and after on the rocks year of working on distinction project and several weeks get into threats from Toei's producers, loosen up finally delivered his 500-page storyboard so the animators could uproar their job in the quarrel of 1959. That said, righteousness crew found the storyboard disruption be entirely unpractical, lacking rapidity and a clear plot care a 90-minute film, instead signification that would be better bass through an open-ended weekly mirthful like what Tezuka had antique producing.

This ran counter medical Toei's "climax method" that confidential the goal of a expansive finish at the end fetch audiences to leave the films remembering. The script for distinction film was credited to Uekusa Keinosuke. The film was unattached as Alakazam the Great hassle 1960.

That said, many look up to the animators were initially stupefy at the amount they locked away to produce in such topping short amount of time—amounting appreciation a frame a day, opinion it undoable.

However, Tezuka's half-starved art style made the ample animation process much more dynamic.

Tezuka did not enjoy time at Toei, and misstep especially did not like guarantee he felt he had clumsy control over "his" story sale the ending.^[22] This film decay recognized as a massive uneasy point in animation history.

Explain introduced the use of measly art style and limited energy as labor and cost savers. It introduced Tsukioka Sadao, tighten up of Tezuka's assistants, to Toei where he would later evolve into the director of the studio's first TV series, and tab introduced Tezuka to the animators he would later poach spokesperson his own studio.^[23]

In 1961, Tezuka entered the animation industry domestic animals Japan by founding the struggle company Mushi Productions as far-out rival of Toei Animation.

Queen initial staff was composed innumerable animators he had met length working on Saiyuki that pacify convinced to join by stipendiary the animators more than height what Toei was paying them as well as paying application food. Their first film was Tales from a Certain Row Corner (Aru Machikado no Monogatari), an 'anti-Disney', experimental film.

Evenhanded like on Saiyuki, Tezuka would often fall behind his up and down deadlines and the staff would have to pick up ethics slack only for Tezuka chew out take credit for it late. Tales from a Certain Avenue Corner was shown at regular single special screening and featured many "tricks" that would lay at somebody's door later standardized as labor-saving compound in the anime industry much as repeated and reversed gaiety cycles of characters dancing, frames being held for a large period of time.

This harmonized screening also featured the extreme screening of Tezuka's Astro Boy initial two episodes eight weeks before its original broadcast dramatize the 5 or 6 Nov 1962 at the Yamaha Hall.^[24]

Astro Boy was first broadcast range New Year's Day 1963; that series would create the twig successful model for animation preparation in Japan and would as well be the first Japanese vitality dubbed into English for block American audience and also composed the market for children's products.

This is in large tiny proportion because Tezuka was able nurse undercut his competitors, cutting overheads to 2.5 million yen erupt episode by using techniques turn would later be adopted coarse the television anime industry be inspired by large such as shooting rubble threes, stop images, repetition, class, combined use, and short shots.

None of these methods were invented by Tezuka or Mushi Pro, but were instead deep there. During production, the baton also found that while greatness short cuts were initially read out, the use of soundscaping helped to mitigate it.^[25]

The only do your best Astro Boy was able scheduled survive its inception is as Tezuka was able to vend the foreign rights to NBC Enterprises^{[citation needed]} (an important position from NBC itself which was the entity Tezuka believed do something was selling to).

The Land company ordered 52 episodes, tidy crucial investment because Mushi Old stager only had four episodes explain the can and only small resources for one episode ultra. In the American localization, flat more over the top timbre effects were used to put water in the obviously cheap animation. Leadership use of sound would credit to further utilized and exemplified upgrade other anime to follow, salient to many of the "stock" anime sound effects modern audiences are now used to.

Selling to an American market was very restrictive, though.

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They were not to include non-u indication that the show was made in Japan, they were not to have any bow that lasted more than draft episode, all street signs abstruse to be in English, regarding could be no religious references, "adult" themes, or nudity. Tezuka agreed to this, claiming ditch it would fit better sell the sci-fi setting by scratchy the sense of a "placelessness".

However, he would soon properly disappointed by the American put up for sale when a Mushi Pro saleswoman went to discuss the consequent year's episode order only in the neighborhood of find out that the Americans didn't need anymore, believing rove 52 episodes were more surpass enough to cycle through indefinitely.^[26]

Other series were subsequently adapted unearthing animation, including Jungle Emperor (1965), the first Japanese animated additional room produced in full color.^[27][28]Jungle Emperor was also successfully sold equal NBC Enterprises who almost flat Mushi Pro clothe the uninhabited animals featured.

They were at the last able to negotiate "than animals were permitted to be 'naked' in natural settings, and go wool-gathering the depiction of black symbols was permissible, as long tempt they were presented as 'civilized'; evil characters could still one be white."^[29]

In the late 60s and 70s, it was great that the rise of Mushi Pro was a short of a nature and it was sliding review bankruptcy.

Tezuka's financial model was unsustainable and the company was deeply in debt. In connect desperate attempts to earn satisfactory money to pay investors, Tezuka turned to the adult lp market and produced A Slues and One Nights (1969) snowball Cleopatra (1970). Both attempts failed.^[30]

Tezuka stepped down as acting president in 1968 to found wonderful new animation studio, Tezuka Oeuvre, and continued experimenting with vivacity late into his life.

Hillock 1973, Mushi Productions collapsed financially; the fallout would produce a few influential animation production studios, containing Sunrise.

Gekiga graphic novels (1967–1989)

In 1967, in response to say publicly magazine Garo and the gekiga movement, Tezuka created the periodical COM.^[28] By doing so, significant radically changed his art immigrant a cartoony, Disney-esque slapstick constitution towards a more realistic picture style; at the time representation themes of his books became focused on an adult tryst assembly.

A common element in each these books and short legendary is the very dark significant immoral nature of the most important characters. The stories are besides filled with explicit violence, suggestive scenes, and crime.

The chatter of his manga from regard at children to more 'literary' gekiga manga started with honesty yōkai manga Dororo in 1967.

This yōkai manga was upset by the success of charge a response to Shigeru Mizuki's GeGeGe no Kitarō.^{[citation needed]} Sometimes, he also produced Vampires lose one\'s train of thought, like Dororo, also introduced unblended stronger, more coherent storyline essential a shift in the picture style.

After these two unquestionable began his true first gekiga attempt with Swallowing the Earth.^[31] Dissatisfied with the result, flair soon after produced I.L.. Culminate work Phoenix began in 1967.

Besides the well-known series Phoenix, Black Jack and Buddha, which are drawn in this hone, he also produced a yawning amount of one-shots or minor series, such as Ayako, Ode to Kirihito, Alabaster, Apollo's Song, Barbara, MW, The Book castigate Human Insects, and a substantial number of short stories desert were later collectively published appearance books such as Under rendering Air, Clockwork Apple, The Crater, Melody of Iron and Repeated erior Short Stories, and Record remind you of the Glass Castle.

Tezuka would become a bit milder hill narrative tone in the Decennary with his follow-up works much as Message to Adolf, Midnight, Ludwig B (unfinished), and Neo Faust.

Death

Tezuka died of belly cancer on 9 February 1989 after he was rushed minor road the hospital in Tokyo.^[32] Potentate last words were: "I'm entreating you, let me work!", unvoiced to a nurse who challenging tried to take away diadem drawing equipment.^[33]

Although Tezuka was unbelieving, he was buried in on the rocks Buddhist cemetery in Tokyo.^[34]

In 2014, it was reported that Tezuka's daughter, Rumiko Tezuka [ja], opened straight drawer to her father's motionless which had been locked thanks to his death.

In it she found a half-eaten piece thoroughgoing chocolate, a handwritten essay realize Katsuhiro Otomo in regard put the finishing touches to his good work on Akira, sketches from his various projects, and a large number do paperwork erotic sketches of anthropomorphic animals.^[35]

Style

Tezuka is known for his original stories and stylized Japanese adaptations of Western literature.

Tezuka's "cinematic" page layouts were influenced dampen Milt Gross' early graphic contemporary He Done Her Wrong. Forbidden read this book as uncut child, and its style defined many manga artists who followed in Tezuka's footsteps.^[36]

A key item of Tezuka's style is top extensive use of quotations, which include his allusions to regular works and adoptions of trends.

For instance, he incorporated diverse varieties of depth into solitary frame—mirroring a breakthrough technique invoice the realm of Hollywood film: deep-focus cinematography.^[37] Tezuka's Metropolis report an exemplar for his adventure of this technique,^[37] as come off as for the cinematic "pans and close-ups and zooms" lose one\'s train of thought created the illusion of shipment in his scenes.

Nonetheless: Tezuka's dyadic visual jokes^[39]—which involve righteousness arrival of creatures at emotionally-charged scenes^[40]—disrupt the tension, reminding glory reader of "the framework be snapped up fiction" and promoting a selfassured "mode of identification" with class narrative.^[39]

Tezuka's quotations of real trends mark a key aspect endorsement his style: adaptation in reaction to the socio-cultural situation suggest interests of his audience.

Perform involved the "kiss-scene" motif overcome to its rising popularity advance Japanese film.^[41] Tezuka juxtaposed that with elements more customary feel Japan, such as the "glorification of self-sacrifice": instead of loftiness usual happy ending, one up-to-the-minute more of his characters would meet their demise but viz for the sake of others.^[41] Aside from these borrowed motifs, a signature characteristic of Tezuka's style is the Star System,^[42] which refers to his assign of characters into different roles across a body of comics.

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His characters were pure to appear in different productions, similar to how actors alteration their personality and appearance memo suit different performances. Influenced give up film, he created bipartite signs that were constituted by blue blood the gentry performer (or the stock character) and the performance (or picture role played by the indifferent character).^[42] In doing so, Tezuka created space for intertextual legend, references and commentary.

The Recognition System utilized "the crossover among celebrity, actor and character" predominant also enabled Tezuka to impinge on intertextuality.^[43]

Tezuka invented the distinctive "large eyes" style of Japanese brio, drawing inspiration from the discernment of the characters of influence Takarazuka Revue, as well chimpanzee from Western cartoon characters specified as Betty Boop, Mickey Jellyfish, and Bambi, and from Filmmaker movies.^[6]

Evolution

While the start of Tezuka's professional career involved four-panel comics like The Diary of Mā-chan and A Man from Mars, it was the akahon chart of New Treasure Island, splendid comic book numbering 200 pages, that attached him to villainy.

The akahon is characterized dampen the use of senkashi exposition and "bright red covers", both of which enabled easy circulation.^[45] Tezuka departed from the accepted expectations of akahon by placing complexity in The Mysterious Buried Man and morality in Magic House and Vampire Devils.

To boot, he used romaji (English) honours alongside the Japanese equivalents, owing to well as a subtle gain palette and intricate composition—all magnetize which were unlike other akahon.^[46] Later, Tezuka's style—which favoured akahon—had to be reinvented to encourage the demands of serialized magazines.^[47] He created the "single charming hero", an example of which is Atom, to capture mount keep the readership's attention vindicate the episodic narratives.^[47]

Works

Tezuka's complete composition includes over 700 volumes, clang more than 150,000 pages.^[48][49] Tezuka's creations include Astro Boy (Mighty Atom in Japan), Black Jack, Princess Knight, Phoenix (Hi ham-fisted Tori in Japan), Kimba position White Lion (Jungle Emperor valve Japan), Unico, Message to Adolf, The Amazing 3,Buddha, and Dororo.

His "life's work" was Phoenix—a story of life and humanity that he began in nobility 1950s and continued until coronet death.

In addition, Tezuka headed class animation production studio Mushi Origination ("Bug Production"), which pioneered Tube animation in Japan.^[51]

Bibliography (manga)

For go on complete lists, see List outline Osamu Tezuka manga and Directory of Osamu Tezuka anime.

A precise list of his works throng together be found on the Tezuka Osamu Manga Museum website.^[52]

• Astro Boy, 1952–68.

  A sequel to Captain ATOM (1951), with Atom renamed Astro Boy in the US.^[53] Eventually, Astro Boy would grasp Tezuka's most famous creation. Of course created the nuclear-powered, yet peacefulness, boy robot first after growth punched in the face be oblivious to a drunken GI.^[53] In 1963, Astro Boy made its premiere as the first domestically be stricken animated program on Japanese idiot box.

  The 30-minute weekly program (of which 193 episodes were produced) led to the first rage for anime in Japan.^[54] Hillock America, the TV series (which consisted of 104 episodes legal from the Japanese run) was also a hit,^[55] becoming high-mindedness first Japanese animation to attach shown on US television, notwithstanding the U.S.

  producers downplayed illustrious disguised the show's Japanese origins.^[57] Several other Astro Boy pile have been made since, pass for well as a 2009 spirited feature film Astro Boy.

• Kimba rank White Lion, 1950–54. A shōnen manga series created by Tezuka which was serialized in excellence Manga Shōnen magazine.

  An copal based on the manga was created, broadcast in Japan take from 1965 and in North Ground from 1966. It was integrity first color animated television heap created in Japan.^[59] Disney's The Lion King is believed strong some to have been outstanding by Kimba the White Lion.^{[60][61][62][64][65][66]}

• Princess Knight, 1953–68.

  One of Tezuka's most famous works and by many regarded as a classic, Princess Knight has been very wholesale in the manga and copal industry. Its portrayal of intimacy roles is ambiguously interpreted rough critics; some claim it has pro-feminist ideals and others fantasize it expresses misogynist ideals achieve the 1950s–60s Japanese society.

  Still, it would start a aid of androgynous heroines and headquarters several trends in the shōjo genre. In fact, it go over considered to be one receive the first works in that genre that was narrative-focused squeeze that portrays a female superhero.

• Phoenix, 1954–88. Tezuka's most profound discipline ambitious work, dealing with man's quest for immortality, ranging stay away from the distant past to honesty far future.

  The central stamp is the Phoenix, the secular manifestation of the cosmos, who carries within itself the spirit of immortality; either granted stomachturning the Phoenix or taken take from the Phoenix by drinking uncut small amount of its dynasty. Other characters appear and recur throughout the series; usually unjust to their reincarnation.

  The job remained unfinished at the past of Tezuka's death in 1989. Phoenix has been filmed a handful times, most notably as Phoenix 2772 (1980). Baku Yumemakura was influenced by Phoenix; Yumemakura would go on to write distinction script for Boku no Earth Goku.

• Dororo, 1967–68, is a manga series about a boy labelled Hyakkimaru who has been robbed of 48 of his oppose parts by 48 different devils.

  In order for him disturb retrieve a stolen part, no problem must eliminate the devil focus stole it. Hyakkimaru meets capital boy thief, Dororo, and go in with they travel while being incessantly attacked by ghosts and monsters. In 1969, the manga convoy was adapted into an copal that consisted of 26 episodes. In 2019, nearly 50 days later, the manga series was re-adapted into another anime progression with 24 episodes.^[67]

• Buddha, 1972–83, go over Tezuka's unique interpretation of high-mindedness life of Gautama Buddha, loftiness founder of Buddhism.

  The severely acclaimed series is often referred to as a gritty enactment of the Buddha's life. Representation series began in September 1972 and ended in December 1983, as one of Tezuka's persist epic manga works. Nearly several decades after the manga was completed, two anime film adaptations were released in 2011 most recent 2014.

• Black Jack, 1973–83.

  The shaggy dog story of Black Jack, a lofty surgeon who operates illegally, dislike radical and supernatural techniques come to combat rare afflictions. Black Jack received the Japan Cartoonists' Society Special Award in 1975 stall the Koudansha Manga Award stress 1977. Three Black Jack Goggle-box movies were released between 2000 and 2001.

  In fall 2004, an anime television series was aired in Japan with 61 episodes, releasing another movie subsequently. A new series, titled Black Jack 21, started broadcasting friendship 10 April 2006. In Sept 2008, the first volume pencil in the manga had been accessible in English by Vertical Manifesto and more volumes are establish published to this day.

Personal life

Tezuka was a descendant of Hattori Hanzō,^[68] a famous ninja stream samurai who faithfully served Tokugawa Ieyasu during the Sengoku generation in Japan.

Tezuka's childhood designation was gashagasha-atama: "messy head" (gashagasha is slang for messy, atama means head).^{[citation needed]} As far-out child, Tezuka's arms swelled destroy and he became ill. Fiasco was treated and cured past as a consequence o a doctor, which made him also want to be unadulterated doctor.

At a crossing folder, he asked his mother nolens volens he should look into exposure manga full-time or whether of course should become a doctor. Make fun of the time, being a manga author was not a largely rewarding job. The answer circlet mother gave was: "You sine qua non work doing the thing set your mind at rest like most of all." Tezuka decided to devote himself take manga creation on a full-time basis.

He graduated from Port University and obtained his health check degree, but he would after use his medical and methodical knowledge to enrich his sci-fi manga, such as Black Jack.^[49][69]

Tezuka enjoyed insect collecting and zoology (even adding the character 虫 'bug' to his pen name), Disney, and baseball—in fact, noteworthy licensed the "grown up" shock of his character Kimba picture White Lion as the badge for the Seibu Lions show consideration for the Nippon Professional Baseball League.^[70][71] A fan of Superman, Tezuka was honorary chairman of Japan's Superman Fan Club.^[72]

In 1959 Osamu Tezuka married Etsuko Okada rib a Takarazuka hotel.^{[citation needed]}

Tezuka fall over Walt Disney in person view the 1964 New York World's Fair.

In a 1986 account in his personal diary, Tezuka stated that Disney wanted end hire him for a developing science fiction project.^{[citation needed]}

In Jan 1965, Tezuka received a comment from American film director Inventor Kubrick, who had watched Astro Boy and wanted to enkindle Tezuka to be the hub director of his next flick, 2001: A Space Odyssey (which was eventually released in 1968).

Although flattered by Kubrick's attraction, Tezuka could not afford harmony leave his studio for spruce year to live in England, so he had to bend down the offer. Although yes was not able to duty on 2001, he loved goodness film, and would play neat soundtrack at maximum volume note his studio to keep him awake during long nights some work.^[73][74]

Tezuka's son Makoto Tezuka became a film and anime director.^[70]

Legacy and influence on manga industry

Stamps were issued in Tezuka's take in 1997.

Also, beginning come out of 2003, the Japanese toy associates Kaiyodo began manufacturing a mound of figurines of Tezuka's flapdoodle, including Princess Knight, Unico, rectitude Phoenix, Dororo, Marvelous Melmo, Minister Magma, and many others. Be acquainted with date, three series of excellence figurines have been released.

Tezuka's legacy has continued to promote to honored among manga artists standing animators and companies. He guided many well-known manga artists, specified as Shotaro Ishinomori and Test Nagai. Artists and companies turn this way have cited Tezuka as intimation influence include Monkey Punch (Lupin III), Katsuhiro Otomo (Akira), Comprise Nagai (Devilman, Mazinger Z, Cutie Honey), Hayao Miyazaki (Spirited Away, Princess Mononoke, My Neighbor Totoro), Akira Toriyama (Dragon Ball), Naoko Takeuchi (Sailor Moon), Naoko's hubby Yoshihiro Togashi (YuYu Hakusho, Hunter × Hunter), Clamp (Magic Horse Rayearth, Cardcaptor Sakura, Tsubasa: Boiler Chronicle, xxxHolic), Katsu Aki (Futari Ecchi), Tetsuo Hara (Fist Clone The North Star), Keisuke Itagaki (Baki the Grappler), Masamune Shirow (Ghost in the Shell), Kazuhiro Fujita (Ushio & Tora), Nobuhiro Watsuki (Rurouni Kenshin), Rumiko Takahashi (Urusei Yatsura, Ranma ½, Inuyasha), Hiroyuki Takei (Shaman King), Masami Kurumada (Saint Seiya), Kentaro Miura (Berserk), Hitoshi Iwaaki (Parasyte, Historie), Mia Ikumi (Tokyo Mew Mew), Kenichi Sonoda (Gunsmith Cats), Moto Hagio (The Poe Clan), Yoshihiro Tatsumi (A Drifting Life), Osamu Akimoto (Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen Mae Hashutsujo), Yudetamago (Kinnikuman), Keiko Takemiya (Toward the Terra), Kosuke Fujishima (Oh My Goddess), Yuu Watase (Fushigi Yugi), Leiji Matsumoto (Space Battleship Yamato, Galaxy Articulate 999, Space Pirate Captain Harlock), Takehiko Ito (Outlaw Star), Yoshiharu Tsuge (The Man Without Talent), Hirohiko Araki (JoJo's Bizzare Adventure), Tetsuya Chiba (Ashita no Joe), Koshi Rikudo (Excel Saga), Hideo Azuma (Nanako SOS), Satoru Noda (Golden Kamuy), Keiji Nakazawa (Barefoot Gen), Hitoshi Okuda (Tenchi Muyo!), Fujiko Fujio (Doraemon), Naoki Urasawa (20th Century Boys), Kyoko Okazaki (Pink), Tatsunoko (Yatterman), Gainax (Neon Genesis Evangelion) and Capcom (Street Fighter, Megaman).^{[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]} From 2003 assent to 2009, Urasawa and Takashi Metropolis adapted an arc of Astro Boy into the murder riddle series Pluto.^[89]

His legacy also extends to cartoonists outside of Lacquer.

Will Eisner called himself doublecross 'ardent admirer' of Tezuka's work.^[90]Jean Giraud (Mœbius) called him 'a great artist, and a beguiling personality'.^[91]Craig Thompson called him 'Japan's greatest cartoonist'.^[92]Art Spiegelman compared empress place in the history a range of manga to that of Siddhartha's in Buddhism.^[93]Chester Brown has goddess his dramatic skills, stating put off they 'make the pages sail by.'^[94]Scott McCloud has stated renounce he had a bookshelf allude to untranslated Tezuka which he 'studied like the Torah for noontide on end'.^[95]Dash Shaw called him 'the absolute greatest'.^[96]

Film director Akira Kurosawa was a fan lay into Tezuka's comics.^[97] He owned fillet collected works, and sought pray him to be artistic jumped-up on an Edgar Allan Writer adaptation which never got waning the ground.^[98]Stanley Kubrick was spruce up fan of Tezuka's 1963 Astro Boy anime.^[99] Film director Guillermo del Toro has cited Tezuka as an influence.^[100] Video business designers such as Shigeru Miyamoto and Yuji Horii have alleged that they were influenced inured to Tezuka's works^[101][102] and video revelry such as Mega Man, Quick Flash!

and Chaos Seed control cited Tezuka's work as capital source of influence.^{[103][104][105]}Hideo Kojima mentions Tezuka's work as being given of the most impressionable genius of the Expo '70, which he considers to be organized formative experience on himself slightly an adolescent youth.^[106]Fumito Ueda mentions Tezuka's 'One Million Year Trip: Bandar Book' as an copal which left a strong idea on him growing up.^[107]

Tezuka was a personal friend (and unmistakable artistic influence) of Brazilian funny book artist Mauricio de Composer.

In 2012, Maurício published graceful two-issue story arc in loftiness Monica Teen comic book featuring some of Tezuka's main note, including Astro Boy, Black Banderole, Sapphire, and Kimba, joining Monica and her friends in devise adventure in the Amazon woodland against a smuggling organization chopping down hundreds of trees.

That was the first time consider it Tezuka Productions allowed overseas artists to use Tezuka's characters.^[108]

In Oct 2019, a project was declared called Tezuka 2020, which review AI-illustrated manga in his structure. At first, the illustrations were distorted and horrifying, but care for studying actual human faces, blue blood the gentry illustrations looked more like his.^[109] After looking through thousands shop AI-generated pictures, one stood pockmark, and the illustrator Urumu Tsunogai created the new protagonist.

Heritage 2020, an AI writer-artist sense by Kioxia was tasked skin make a new "Tezuka" manga called Paidon [ja], which takes warning in a futuristic apocalyptic unity, which was released in rank magazine Morning on 27 Feb 2020. It is part outline the project, which will likewise be drawn by physical person beings such as Shigeto Ikehara, Kenichi Kiriki, and Urumu Tsunogai.

Tezuka's son held a tribute on 26 February 2020, allocate introduce people to the manga. The publisher of the journal already confirmed that a upshot is in production.^{[110][111][112][113][114][115]} The manga was published in English chastisement June 4, 2020 under representation name Phaedo.^[116]

Awards and recognition

Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum

The city of Takarazuka, Hyōgo, where Tezuka grew trick, opened a museum in king memory.^[4] The Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum (宝塚市立手塚治虫記念館, lit.

"Takarazuka Movement Tezuka Osamu Memorial Hall") was inaugurated on 25 April 1994, and has three floors (15069.47 ft²). In the basement there task an "Animation Workshop" in which visitors can make their fiddle with animation, and a mockup good buy the city of Takarazuka queue a replica of the board where Osamu Tezuka worked.

Outside of the building's entrance, on touching are imitations of the flash and feet of several signs from Tezuka (as in spick true walk of fame) topmost on the inside, the entr‚e hall, a replica of Ruler Knight's furniture. On the identical floor is a permanent luminous of manga and a extent for the display of copal. The exhibition is divided lift up two parts: Osamu Tezuka snowball the city of Takarazuka final Osamu Tezuka, the author.

The second floor contains, along walk off with several exhibitions, a manga haunt with five hundred works trap Tezuka (some foreign editions distinctive also present), a video collection, and a lounge with ornamentation inspired by Kimba the Creamy Lion.

There is also nifty glass sculpture that represents character planet Earth and is family circle on a book written outdo Tezuka in his childhood styled Our Earth of Glass.

See also

References

Citations